Question 1

Which Canadian case involving poor police techniques in collecting eyewitness evidence resulted in a set of recommendations for conducting lineup identifications?

Accepted Answer

A) Neil v.Biggers 
B) R.v.Sophonow 
C) R.v.Brooks 
D) R.v.Reno 
E) R.v.Henderson 
A) Neil v.Biggers 
B) R.v.Sophonow 
C) R.v.Brooks 
D) R.v.Reno 
E) R.v.Henderson

Question 2

According to the text,which lineup procedure is considered most suggestive and is reserved only for certain extenuating circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup 
A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup

Question 3

Alice was stabbed multiple times and is in critical condition in the hospital.The police detained a suspect leaving from the scene of the crime,and take the suspect to the hospital to see if Alice can identify him as the man who stabbed her.The police also are concerned that Alice might not make it through the night and want to get an ID as soon as possible.What type of lineup procedure is being used here?

Accepted Answer

A) a simultaneous lineup 
B) a sequential lineup 
C) a show up 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup 
A) a simultaneous lineup 
B) a sequential lineup 
C) a show up 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup

Question 4

On what four memory-retrieval techniques is the cognitive interview based?

Accepted Answer

A) reinstating context,reporting everything,reversing order,and changing perspective 
B) reinstating context,recalling,recognizing,and answering questions 
C) encoding,short-term memory,long-term memory,and retrieving 
D) encoding,storing,retrieving,and forgetting 
E) reinstating context,recalling,recognizing,and forgetting 
A) reinstating context,reporting everything,reversing order,and changing perspective 
B) reinstating context,recalling,recognizing,and answering questions 
C) encoding,short-term memory,long-term memory,and retrieving 
D) encoding,storing,retrieving,and forgetting 
E) reinstating context,recalling,recognizing,and forgetting

Question 5

What is another term for the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

A) post-event information effect 
B) free narrative effect 
C) direct question recall 
D) open-ended recall 
E) closed ended recall effect 
A) post-event information effect 
B) free narrative effect 
C) direct question recall 
D) open-ended recall 
E) closed ended recall effect

Question 6

In target-absent lineups,both false identifications and foil identifications can be referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) true positives 
B) false positives 
C) true negatives 
D) false negatives 
E) none of the above 
A) true positives 
B) false positives 
C) true negatives 
D) false negatives 
E) none of the above

Question 7

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make ______________ correct identifications and __________________ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

Accepted Answer

A) fewer/more 
B) more/fewer 
C) a similar number of/fewer 
D) fewer/a similar number of 
E) a similar number of/more 
A) fewer/more 
B) more/fewer 
C) a similar number of/fewer 
D) fewer/a similar number of 
E) a similar number of/more

Question 8

An eyewitness is exposed to a target-present lineup and identifies someone from the lineup that the police know did not commit the crime.What sort of decision has this eyewitness just made?

Accepted Answer

A) a correct identification 
B) a false rejection 
C) a foil identification 
D) a correct rejection 
E) none of the above 
A) a correct identification 
B) a false rejection 
C) a foil identification 
D) a correct rejection 
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following identification procedures takes place in a naturalistic environment?

Accepted Answer

A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup 
A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup

Question 10

Recent research by Megreya,Bindemann,Harvard,and Burton (2012)has found that the placement of a suspect's photo in an array has an impact on identification.In particular,they found that:

Accepted Answer

A) suspects are more accurately identified when they are presented on the left side of an array. 
B) foils on the left side were more likely to be inaccurately identified as the perpetrator. 
C) placing the suspect's photo within the first two photos increases the chances that the witness will select the suspect. 
D) both suspects and foils are more likely to be identified when they are on the right side of an array. 
E) suspects are least likely to be identified if their photos are placed near the end of an array. 
A) suspects are more accurately identified when they are presented on the left side of an array. 
B) foils on the left side were more likely to be inaccurately identified as the perpetrator. 
C) placing the suspect's photo within the first two photos increases the chances that the witness will select the suspect. 
D) both suspects and foils are more likely to be identified when they are on the right side of an array. 
E) suspects are least likely to be identified if their photos are placed near the end of an array.

Question 11

What has not been identified as a limitation of the standard police interview?

Accepted Answer

A) asking brief,direct questions 
B) mixing visual and auditory questions 
C) asking questions in a random order 
D) asking very broad questions 
E) frequent interruptions 
A) asking brief,direct questions 
B) mixing visual and auditory questions 
C) asking questions in a random order 
D) asking very broad questions 
E) frequent interruptions

Question 12

Which of the following has been proposed as criticism of eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A) Eyewitness experts tend to be overconfident. 
B) Most of the eyewitness studies recruit university students as participants. 
C) A number of studies that have examined the same issues have reported discrepant results. 
D) In eyewitness research,the time allotted for the participants (mock eyewitnesses)to view the culprit is too limited in comparison to real life. 
E) all of the above 
A) Eyewitness experts tend to be overconfident. 
B) Most of the eyewitness studies recruit university students as participants. 
C) A number of studies that have examined the same issues have reported discrepant results. 
D) In eyewitness research,the time allotted for the participants (mock eyewitnesses)to view the culprit is too limited in comparison to real life. 
E) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following factors has been reported to increase correct identification in a voice lineup?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the number of foils in the lineup 
B) presenting the target voice later in the lineup 
C) increasing the length of the voice samples 
D) ensuring that the voice does not have an accent unfamiliar to the witness 
E) both c and d 
A) increasing the number of foils in the lineup 
B) presenting the target voice later in the lineup 
C) increasing the length of the voice samples 
D) ensuring that the voice does not have an accent unfamiliar to the witness 
E) both c and d

Question 14

An eyewitness is shown a picture of an individual who the police think is responsible for a recent bank robbery.No other lineup photos are shown.The eyewitness is asked to state whether the person in the photograph is the same individual seen in the bank.What sort of lineup procedure is being used here?

Accepted Answer

A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup 
A) a showup 
B) a simultaneous lineup 
C) a sequential lineup 
D) a walk-by 
E) an elimination lineup

Question 15

A perpetrator has been described as a tall male,wearing glasses and a red toque.The police officer makes sure that all members of the lineup also are wearing glasses and toques.The officer is trying to avoid what type of bias?

Accepted Answer

A) A suspect bias 
B) A foil bias 
C) A clothing bias 
D) An instruction bias 
E) A facial bias 
A) A suspect bias 
B) A foil bias 
C) A clothing bias 
D) An instruction bias 
E) A facial bias

Question 16

What is the major implication of the studies conducted on the misinformation effect in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory is like a videotape. 
B) Witnesses yield to authority. 
C) Memory is reconstructive. 
D) Witnesses recall information accurately when under stress. 
E) Memory typically gets better as witnesses get older. 
A) Memory is like a videotape. 
B) Witnesses yield to authority. 
C) Memory is reconstructive. 
D) Witnesses recall information accurately when under stress. 
E) Memory typically gets better as witnesses get older.

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A) how light it was outside when the crime was witnessed 
B) the room where the witness was interviewed 
C) the number of police officers present during the interview 
D) the time of day when the witness was interviewed 
E) the type of lineup presented to the witness 
A) how light it was outside when the crime was witnessed 
B) the room where the witness was interviewed 
C) the number of police officers present during the interview 
D) the time of day when the witness was interviewed 
E) the type of lineup presented to the witness

Question 18

The hypothesis that explains the cross-race effect in eyewitness testimony by suggesting that the more contact you have with other races the better you will be able to identify them is:

Accepted Answer

A) the interracial contact hypothesis 
B) the cue-utilization hypothesis 
C) the unusualness hypothesis 
D) the prejudice hypothesis 
E) the physiognomic homogeneity hypothesis 
A) the interracial contact hypothesis 
B) the cue-utilization hypothesis 
C) the unusualness hypothesis 
D) the prejudice hypothesis 
E) the physiognomic homogeneity hypothesis

Question 19

What is the difference between a suspect and a perpetrator?

Accepted Answer

A) The terms suspect and perpetrator can be used interchangeably; they mean the same thing. 
B) A suspect is innocent and a perpetrator is guilty. 
C) A suspect is guilty and a perpetrator is innocent. 
D) A suspect can be guilty or innocent whereas a perpetrator is guilty. 
E) A suspect is innocent and a perpetrator can be innocent or guilty. 
A) The terms suspect and perpetrator can be used interchangeably; they mean the same thing. 
B) A suspect is innocent and a perpetrator is guilty. 
C) A suspect is guilty and a perpetrator is innocent. 
D) A suspect can be guilty or innocent whereas a perpetrator is guilty. 
E) A suspect is innocent and a perpetrator can be innocent or guilty.

Question 20

What type of lineup was used by Charles Lindberg to identify Bruno Hauptmann,the man who kidnapped and murdered his infant son?

Accepted Answer

A) clothing 
B) voice 
C) face 
D) body 
E) none of the above 
A) clothing 
B) voice 
C) face 
D) body 
E) none of the above

Exam 5: A: Eyewitness Testimony

Which Canadian case involving poor police techniques in collecting eyewitness evidence resulted in a set of recommendations for conducting lineup identifications?

According to the text,which lineup procedure is considered most suggestive and is reserved only for certain extenuating circumstances?

On what four memory-retrieval techniques is the cognitive interview based?

What is another term for the misinformation effect?

In target-absent lineups,both false identifications and foil identifications can be referred to as:

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make ______________ correct identifications and __________________ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

An eyewitness is exposed to a target-present lineup and identifies someone from the lineup that the police know did not commit the crime.What sort of decision has this eyewitness just made?

Which of the following identification procedures takes place in a naturalistic environment?

Recent research by Megreya,Bindemann,Harvard,and Burton (2012)has found that the placement of a suspect's photo in an array has an impact on identification.In particular,they found that:

What has not been identified as a limitation of the standard police interview?

Which of the following has been proposed as criticism of eyewitness research?

Which of the following factors has been reported to increase correct identification in a voice lineup?

A perpetrator has been described as a tall male,wearing glasses and a red toque.The police officer makes sure that all members of the lineup also are wearing glasses and toques.The officer is trying to avoid what type of bias?

What is the major implication of the studies conducted on the misinformation effect in eyewitness research?

Which of the following would be considered an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

The hypothesis that explains the cross-race effect in eyewitness testimony by suggesting that the more contact you have with other races the better you will be able to identify them is:

What is the difference between a suspect and a perpetrator?

What type of lineup was used by Charles Lindberg to identify Bruno Hauptmann,the man who kidnapped and murdered his infant son?

A: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

B: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

A: Police Psychology

B: Police Psychology

A: The Psychology of Police Investigations

B: The Psychology of Police Investigations

A: Deception

B: Deception

B: Eyewitness Testimony

A: Child Victims and Witnesses

B: Child Victims and Witnesses

A: Juries: Fact Finders

B: Juries: Fact Finders

A: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

B: The Role of Mental Illness in Court

A: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

B: Sentencing and Parole in Canada

A: Risk Assessment

B: Risk Assessment

A: Psychopaths

B: Psychopaths

A: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

B: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

A: Intimate Partner Violence

B: Intimate Partner Violence

A: Sexual Offenders

B: Sexual Offenders

A: Homicidal Offenders

B: Homicidal Offenders

Filters

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make correct identifications and ____ correct rejections compared to younger adults.