Question 1

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) increased osmotic pressure 
B) decreased osmotic pressure 
C) increased hydrostatic pressure 
D) decreased hydrostatic pressure 
A) increased osmotic pressure 
B) decreased osmotic pressure 
C) increased hydrostatic pressure 
D) decreased hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Accepted Answer

A) fluid excess 
B) fluid deficit 
C) increased sodium level 
D) decreased erythrocytes 
A) fluid excess 
B) fluid deficit 
C) increased sodium level 
D) decreased erythrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.5-8 
B) 7.0 
C) 7.4 
D) 8 
A) 4.5-8 
B) 7.0 
C) 7.4 
D) 8

Question 4

Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys 
B) increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
C) increased respiratory rate and depth 
D) increased renin secretion 
A) decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys 
B) increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
C) increased respiratory rate and depth 
D) increased renin secretion

Question 5

Young infants are more vulnerable to serious dehydration because of their:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased body surface area and insensible fluid loss 
B) limited renal compensation 
C) decreased proportion of fluid to body weight 
D) slower metabolic rate 
A) decreased body surface area and insensible fluid loss 
B) limited renal compensation 
C) decreased proportion of fluid to body weight 
D) slower metabolic rate

Question 6

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) rapid,strong pulse 
B) low hematocrit 
C) increased urine output 
D) rough oral mucosa 
A) rapid,strong pulse 
B) low hematocrit 
C) increased urine output 
D) rough oral mucosa

Question 7

Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) slow,shallow respirations 
B) prolonged diarrhea 
C) mild vomiting 
D) excessive fluid in the body 
A) slow,shallow respirations 
B) prolonged diarrhea 
C) mild vomiting 
D) excessive fluid in the body

Question 8

Place the following events in the correct sequence of events when ketoacids increase in the blood of a diabetic.Not all options are used in the answers.
1)serum pH decreases
2)serum bicarbonate decreases
3)PCO₂ decreases
4)respiration decreases
5)respiration increases
6)serum pH increases
7)urine pH decreases

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3,7,4,2,6 
B) 5,2,7,3,4,1 
C) 2,1,5,3,7,6 
D) 3,1,2,5,7,6 
A) 1,3,7,4,2,6 
B) 5,2,7,3,4,1 
C) 2,1,5,3,7,6 
D) 3,1,2,5,7,6

Question 9

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) respiratory acidosis 
A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 10

Which statements apply to atrial naturetic peptide?
1)It is secreted by heart muscle cells.
2)It is a hormone secreted by the kidneys.
3)It helps to control water and sodium balance.
4)It is released in response to low blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,4 
A) 1,3 
B) 1,4 
C) 2,3 
D) 2,4

Question 11

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight)in an adult male's body:

Accepted Answer

A) 30% 
B) 20% 
C) 10% 
D) 4% 
A) 30% 
B) 20% 
C) 10% 
D) 4%

Question 12

In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema,effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

Accepted Answer

A) increased rate and depth of respiration 
B) decreased rate and depth of respiration 
C) increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate 
D) decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate 
A) increased rate and depth of respiration 
B) decreased rate and depth of respiration 
C) increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate 
D) decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate

Question 13

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH.The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

A) liver and pancreas 
B) lungs and kidneys 
C) lungs and plasma proteins 
D) kidneys and bone marrow 
A) liver and pancreas 
B) lungs and kidneys 
C) lungs and plasma proteins 
D) kidneys and bone marrow

Question 14

Serum potassium levels are affected by:
1)ADH
2)aldosterone
3)serum H+ levels
4)insulin levels

Accepted Answer

A) 2 only 
B) 1,2 
C) 1,3 
D) 2,3,4 
E) 1,2,3 
A) 2 only 
B) 1,2 
C) 1,3 
D) 2,3,4 
E) 1,2,3

Question 15

In the initial stage,vomiting results in:

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) None of the above are correct. 
A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 16

The control centre for thirst is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys 
B) thalamus 
C) medulla 
D) hypothalamus 
A) kidneys 
B) thalamus 
C) medulla 
D) hypothalamus

Question 17

Which of the following would cause edema?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) increased capillary osmotic pressure 
C) decreased capillary permeability 
D) increased capillary permeability 
A) decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) increased capillary osmotic pressure 
C) decreased capillary permeability 
D) increased capillary permeability

Question 18

Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:

Accepted Answer

A) 30% 
B) 45% 
C) 60% 
D) 70% 
A) 30% 
B) 45% 
C) 60% 
D) 70%

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration 
B) third-spacing 
C) hypovolemia 
D) water retention 
A) dehydration 
B) third-spacing 
C) hypovolemia 
D) water retention

Question 20

A prolonged state of metabolic acidosis often leads to:

Accepted Answer

A) hypokalemia 
B) hyperkalemia 
C) hyponatremia 
D) hypercalcemia 
A) hypokalemia 
B) hyperkalemia 
C) hyponatremia 
D) hypercalcemia

Exam 6: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?

Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be:

Young infants are more vulnerable to serious dehydration because of their:

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

Which statements apply to atrial naturetic peptide? 1)It is secreted by heart muscle cells. 2)It is a hormone secreted by the kidneys. 3)It helps to control water and sodium balance. 4)It is released in response to low blood pressure.

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight)in an adult male's body:

In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema,effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH.The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:

Serum potassium levels are affected by: 1)ADH 2)aldosterone 3)serum H+ levels 4)insulin levels

In the initial stage,vomiting results in:

The control centre for thirst is located in the:

Which of the following would cause edema?

Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:

Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?

A prolonged state of metabolic acidosis often leads to:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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