Question 1

Based on the figure above,draw the three rooted trees that would result from rooting at each of the nodes (A,B,and C)indicated by the labeled dots.

Accepted Answer

Answer should replic

Question 2

The study of phylogeny rests on our observation of traits,which may include

Accepted Answer

A) anatomical features. 
B) genetics sequences. 
C) embryological processes. 
D) All of the above 
A) anatomical features. 
B) genetics sequences. 
C) embryological processes. 
D) All of the above

Question 3

Convergent evolution occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) closely related populations or species diverge from one another because natural selection operates differently on each of them. 
B) two or more populations or species become more similar to each other because they are exposed to similar selective conditions. 
C) Both of the above 
D) None of the above 
A) closely related populations or species diverge from one another because natural selection operates differently on each of them. 
B) two or more populations or species become more similar to each other because they are exposed to similar selective conditions. 
C) Both of the above 
D) None of the above

Question 4

Vestigial traits serve as a strong test of Darwin's theory of evolution by common ancestry.Based on the figure above,in which limbless organisms would you expect to find vestigial limbs?

Accepted Answer

A) Jellyfish 
B) Fish 
C) Annelid worms 
D) Snakes 
A) Jellyfish 
B) Fish 
C) Annelid worms 
D) Snakes

Question 5

German biologist Willi Hennig (1913-1976)

Accepted Answer

A) established the modern approach to classification. 
B) documented evolutionary history in his book Phylogenetic Systematics. 
C) noted that phylogenetic trees can help us to classify organisms according to their evolutionary history. 
D) All of the above 
A) established the modern approach to classification. 
B) documented evolutionary history in his book Phylogenetic Systematics. 
C) noted that phylogenetic trees can help us to classify organisms according to their evolutionary history. 
D) All of the above

Question 6

The study of phylogeny allows us to understand the

Accepted Answer

A) major events in evolutionary history. 
B) history of descent. 
C) relationships among taxa of organisms. 
D) All of the above 
A) major events in evolutionary history. 
B) history of descent. 
C) relationships among taxa of organisms. 
D) All of the above

Question 7

In what ways do the processes of reconstructing phylogenetic trees and mapping evolutionary events onto trees generate hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

The processes of reconstructing phylogen

Question 8

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a one base change between the analyzed sequences of lineages 1 and 2. 
B) There is a one base change between the analyzed sequences of lineages 2 and 3. 
C) The analyzed sequences of lineages 5 and 6 are the most similar. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) There is a one base change between the analyzed sequences of lineages 1 and 2. 
B) There is a one base change between the analyzed sequences of lineages 2 and 3. 
C) The analyzed sequences of lineages 5 and 6 are the most similar. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 9

Which of the following pairs correctly matches the phylogenetic tree type (1,2,or 3)with the information it represents (i,ii,or iii).
1)Cladograms
2)Phylograms
3)Chronograms
i.A tree with aligned branch tips that indicates only the evolutionary relationships among the taxa shown
ii.A tree in which branch lengths represent actual time rather than the amount of evolutionary change
iii.A tree in which branch lengths represent the relative amount of evolutionary change

Accepted Answer

A) (1-i),(2-ii),and (3-iii) 
B) (1-i),(2-iii),and (3-ii) 
C)  1-ii),(2-i),and (3-iii) 
D) (1-ii),(2-iii),and (3-i) 
A) (1-i),(2-ii),and (3-iii) 
B) (1-i),(2-iii),and (3-ii) 
C)  1-ii),(2-i),and (3-iii) 
D) (1-ii),(2-iii),and (3-i)

Question 10

Although they serve no current functions,vestigial traits may persist in some organisms because

Accepted Answer

A) the trait is not costly to the organism. 
B) natural selection does not act against the trait. 
C) there is some natural selection against the trait, and it is on its way out-eventually will be lost. 
D) All of the above 
A) the trait is not costly to the organism. 
B) natural selection does not act against the trait. 
C) there is some natural selection against the trait, and it is on its way out-eventually will be lost. 
D) All of the above

Question 11

The study of phylogeny predominantly aims to

Accepted Answer

A) understand the branching relationships of populations as they give rise to descendant populations over time. 
B) uncover evidence for natural selection. 
C) provide a theoretical basis for Darwin's idea of a branching pattern of descent with modification. 
D) All of the above 
A) understand the branching relationships of populations as they give rise to descendant populations over time. 
B) uncover evidence for natural selection. 
C) provide a theoretical basis for Darwin's idea of a branching pattern of descent with modification. 
D) All of the above

Question 12

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Flower shape was used to infer this phylogenetic tree. 
B) The origin of a new flower shape evolved after the origin of dark coloration. 
C) The origin of a new flower shape evolved before the origin of dark coloration. 
D) A and B 
E) None of the above 
A) Flower shape was used to infer this phylogenetic tree. 
B) The origin of a new flower shape evolved after the origin of dark coloration. 
C) The origin of a new flower shape evolved before the origin of dark coloration. 
D) A and B 
E) None of the above

Question 13

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Accepted Answer

A) was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician. 
B) wrote Systema Naturae. 
C) had the insight that organisms can be organized into a system hierarchical classification without having a theoretical explanation for why these patterns should exist. 
D) All of the above 
A) was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician. 
B) wrote Systema Naturae. 
C) had the insight that organisms can be organized into a system hierarchical classification without having a theoretical explanation for why these patterns should exist. 
D) All of the above

Question 14

Based on the tree above,draw a tree that resolves two of the four polytomies and explain why you are able to do so using the tree above and your own illustrations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Based on the tree above,draw...

Question 15

Suppose a population splits into two descendant populations prior to the evolution of dark coloration,then splits again after the evolution of dark coloration.Which of the following terms best describes the dark coloration trait in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Homoplasy 
B) Analogy 
C) Synapomorphy 
D) Symplesiomorphy 
A) Homoplasy 
B) Analogy 
C) Synapomorphy 
D) Symplesiomorphy

Question 16

Consider a population in which the coat color of a population or species changes from light to dark over evolutionary time.Using this example,draw an evolutionary tree to illustrate each of the following evolutionary conditions:
A.A derived trait
B.A homoplasy
C.A symplesiomorphy

Accepted Answer

A derived trait is a trait that is prese

Question 17

Based on the figure above,what does the lower interior node in each figure represent?

Accepted Answer

A) An ancestral population 
B) The common ancestor of birds and crocodilians 
C) The common ancestor to all tetrapods 
D) A and B 
A) An ancestral population 
B) The common ancestor of birds and crocodilians 
C) The common ancestor to all tetrapods 
D) A and B

Question 18

Based on the phylogenetic tree above,which of the following groups is most closely related to mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) Snakes 
B) Amphibians 
C) Amphibians and all reptiles 
D) All reptiles and birds 
E) All reptiles but not birds 
A) Snakes 
B) Amphibians 
C) Amphibians and all reptiles 
D) All reptiles and birds 
E) All reptiles but not birds

Question 19

Based on the figure above,what does the upper dot in each figure represent?

Accepted Answer

A) An ancestral population 
B) The most recent common ancestor of birds and crocodilians 
C) The most recent common ancestor to all tetrapods 
D) A and C 
A) An ancestral population 
B) The most recent common ancestor of birds and crocodilians 
C) The most recent common ancestor to all tetrapods 
D) A and C

Question 20

What are the differences between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

Rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees a

Based on the figure above,draw the three rooted trees that would result from rooting at each of the nodes (A,B,and C)indicated by the labeled dots.

The study of phylogeny rests on our observation of traits,which may include

Convergent evolution occurs when

Vestigial traits serve as a strong test of Darwin's theory of evolution by common ancestry.Based on the figure above,in which limbless organisms would you expect to find vestigial limbs?

German biologist Willi Hennig (1913-1976)

The study of phylogeny allows us to understand the

In what ways do the processes of reconstructing phylogenetic trees and mapping evolutionary events onto trees generate hypotheses?

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Although they serve no current functions,vestigial traits may persist in some organisms because

The study of phylogeny predominantly aims to

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Based on the tree above,draw a tree that resolves two of the four polytomies and explain why you are able to do so using the tree above and your own illustrations.

Suppose a population splits into two descendant populations prior to the evolution of dark coloration,then splits again after the evolution of dark coloration.Which of the following terms best describes the dark coloration trait in this situation?

Consider a population in which the coat color of a population or species changes from light to dark over evolutionary time.Using this example,draw an evolutionary tree to illustrate each of the following evolutionary conditions: A.A derived trait B.A homoplasy C.A symplesiomorphy

Based on the figure above,what does the lower interior node in each figure represent?

Based on the phylogenetic tree above,which of the following groups is most closely related to mammals?

Based on the figure above,what does the upper dot in each figure represent?

What are the differences between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

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Exam 4: Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Based on the figure above,draw the three rooted trees that would result from rooting at each of the nodes (A,B,and C)indicated by the labeled dots.

The study of phylogeny rests on our observation of traits,which may include

Convergent evolution occurs when

Vestigial traits serve as a strong test of Darwin's theory of evolution by common ancestry.Based on the figure above,in which limbless organisms would you expect to find vestigial limbs?

German biologist Willi Hennig (1913-1976)

The study of phylogeny allows us to understand the

In what ways do the processes of reconstructing phylogenetic trees and mapping evolutionary events onto trees generate hypotheses?

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Although they serve no current functions,vestigial traits may persist in some organisms because

The study of phylogeny predominantly aims to

Based on the figure above,which of the following statements is true?

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Based on the tree above,draw a tree that resolves two of the four polytomies and explain why you are able to do so using the tree above and your own illustrations.

Suppose a population splits into two descendant populations prior to the evolution of dark coloration,then splits again after the evolution of dark coloration.Which of the following terms best describes the dark coloration trait in this situation?

Consider a population in which the coat color of a population or species changes from light to dark over evolutionary time.Using this example,draw an evolutionary tree to illustrate each of the following evolutionary conditions: A.A derived trait B.A homoplasy C.A symplesiomorphy

Based on the figure above,what does the lower interior node in each figure represent?

Based on the phylogenetic tree above,which of the following groups is most closely related to mammals?

Based on the figure above,what does the upper dot in each figure represent?

What are the differences between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees?

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters