Exam 9: Evolution at Multiple Loci

In the figure below,the grey boxes represent the offspring of parents that are heterozygous at locus 1 (Aa)and locus 2 (Bb).Which of the grey boxes represent repulsion double heterozygote offspring?

If the value of linkage disequilibrium (D)is equal to -0.25,one can infer that the alleles are

In the figure above,the population indicated by the dots

Narrow-sense heritability is defined as the total

In quantitative genetic terms,a phenotypic value can be expressed as

A haplotype is

Which of the following can generate linkage disequilibrium?

What two major concepts in biology were unified in the middle of the twentieth century?

Multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)is a bacterium that has developed resistance to a wide range of antibiotics.Its resistance to penicillin,methicillin,and oxacillin is a result of the serial use of these antibiotics,which created a selective environment that favored resistance to the drug being used at the time.This resistance provides the bacteria with the ability to thrive in an environment with standard antibiotics,thereby making it a dangerous human health hazard.Why would one expect MRSA to retain penicillin resistance even if this antibiotic is rarely used?

Without using mathematical symbols,explain the difference between broad- and narrow-sense heritability,including why one is more relevant to evolutionary studies.

The statistical association of alleles at different loci is referred to as

The following figure demonstrates the genotypic adaptive landscape for bacteria growing in media without antibiotics.The height of the bars associated with a genotype indicates the fitness of that genotype.The R allele confers resistance to antibiotics,and the C allele compensates for the loss of fitness that the R allele confers in the absence of antibiotics.The rc haplotype lacks both compensation and resistance.Based on this landscape,why are resistance and compensation unlikely to be lost even in the absence of antibiotics?

The figure below describes the percent oil content in corn from different generations.What is the expected slope of a parent-offspring regression for corn oil content?

Texas longhorn cattle have been bred to increase the tip to tip width of their horns,and the heritability of this trait has been well studied by Professor David Hillis at the University of Texas,Austin.In the current generation,the mean horn length is 52 inches.If only a subset of this population,with a mean horn length of 61 inches,are allowed to reproduce,and the narrow-sense heritability of this trait = 0.2,what is the expected horn length in the offspring generation?

Consider two loci on a single chromosome.These loci

Consider two microsatellite loci (A,B)each with two alleles determined by the number of repeats of the microsatellite motif (A = 15 or 17; B = 27 or 31).You genotype an individual in this population and determine that its haplotype is 15/27 and 15/27.Are these alleles in coupling and/or repulsion? Explain your answer.

Assuming the value of linkage disequilibrium (D)is positive,recombination will generate

A researcher tracks the escape behavior of a population of squirrels on campus across two generations.When she plots the escape behavior of the offspring generation against the parental behavior,she notes that the offspring's behavior exactly matches the parental behavior.Nonetheless,the narrow-sense heritability equals zero.How can the heritability equal zero in this example?

In the figure below,what does the straight line indicate?