Exam 6: Learning

Julie has a desk right next to her manager's office.Whenever her manager is in his office,Julie makes sure that she works hard at her computer.However,if the manager is away from his office she often works much more slowly and takes more breaks.In this case,the manager being in his office is acting as

The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer and closer approximations of some desired response is called

The fact that the principles of conditioning are routinely applied in homes,businesses,schools,and factories show that the causes of behavior are multifactorial.

Anthony classically conditioned his cat to purr whenever the phone rang.One day,the phone rang for nearly two hours straight when Anthony wasn't home,and the cat's conditioned purring response underwent extinction.Today,the response has spontaneously recovered,but if the conditioned purring response were to undergo extinction again Anthony should expect that it will

Earlier learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors.Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view?

Any event that follows a behavior and results in the behavior having a lower probability of happening in the future is known as a

In classical conditioning the response is ____,while in operant conditioning the response is ____.

If the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone,spontaneous recovery occurs.

At preschool,Jessi has learned that she must wash her hands before snack-time in order to get a snack.At home,however,her parents do not check to make sure she washes her hands.When she is home,Jessi does not wash her hands before eating.Jessi's behavior illustrates the process of

When Luis was a child,he really liked the smell of the rose-scented perfume his mother used to wear.He came to associate that scent with snuggles and hugs from his mom.As an adult,Luis likes any floral scent,including the smell of lilacs and wildflowers.This example illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism has learned a response to a specific stimulus and does NOT respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.

You want to teach your dog to fetch the remote control for your TV.Why should you first use continuous reinforcement and then switch to partial reinforcement?

In setting up reinforcement contingencies in a self-modification program,you should

Examples of behaviors learned through classical conditioning would include all the following EXCEPT

A group of friends has just finished playing a violent video game for an hour.Which of the following would they be most likely to exhibit?

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

Stimulus generalization occurs when

You have familiarized yourself with the streets of your town without any reinforcement; then one day you are asked to go to the post office.You are able to do so with ease by following a route that you have never taken.This is an example of

Research into signal relations,response-outcome relations,and observational learning all emphasize

Escape learning is a type of learning in which