Question 1

Traffic lights serve as discriminative stimuli for the operant behavior of driving.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning,the learning is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluative conditioning 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  evaluative conditioning 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 3

After watching his father wash the car,five-year-old Bob washes his bike.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 4

In general,interval schedules of reinforcement tend to produce more rapid responding than ratio schedules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The studies of Garcia and his colleagues demonstrate that rats very easily learn to associate a taste CS with

Accepted Answer

A)  a shock US. 
B)  a visual US. 
C)  an auditory US. 
D)  a nausea-inducing US. 
A)  a shock US. 
B)  a visual US. 
C)  an auditory US. 
D)  a nausea-inducing US.

Question 6

According to Skinner,a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces a biological need. 
B)  induces a biological need. 
C)  increases the probability of the response that produced it. 
D)  decreases the probability of the response that produced it. 
A)  reduces a biological need. 
B)  induces a biological need. 
C)  increases the probability of the response that produced it. 
D)  decreases the probability of the response that produced it.

Question 7

Jane was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt.Now,she no longer wears that style of shirt to school.Being ridiculed is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  modeling.

Question 8

Food would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer,while money would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer,while money...

Question 9

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both weaken the tendency of the organism to make a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Concerns about the use of punishment as a disciplinary measure include concerns about side effects including anxiety,anger and resentment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Kelly's parents always leave her with the same baby-sitter when they go out.Within minutes of the sitter's arrival her parent are gone.Kelly's baby-sitter arrives at her birthday party; as soon as Kelly sees her she begins to cry.Using the principles of classical conditioning,explain why Kelly cried when she saw the baby-sitter.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditio

Question 12

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling,even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour.In this example,Jeremy's behavior ____ while Jessica's behavior ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  shows low resistance to extinction; shows high resistance to extinction 
B)  has been classically conditioned; has been operantly conditioned 
C)  shows high resistance to extinction; shows low resistance to extinction 
D)  is controlled by conditioned stimuli; is controlled by unconditioned stimuli 
A)  shows low resistance to extinction; shows high resistance to extinction 
B)  has been classically conditioned; has been operantly conditioned 
C)  shows high resistance to extinction; shows low resistance to extinction 
D)  is controlled by conditioned stimuli; is controlled by unconditioned stimuli

Question 13

An operantly conditioned response that is very durable and relatively hard to extinguish is said to show

Accepted Answer

A)  high resistance to extinction 
B)  low resistance to extinction 
C)  high association with reinforcement 
D)  low association with reinforcement 
A)  high resistance to extinction 
B)  low resistance to extinction 
C)  high association with reinforcement 
D)  low association with reinforcement

Question 14

Research shows that children who are spanked tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be more extraverted. 
B)  be better behaved. 
C)  be less aggressive. 
D)  have lower IQs. 
A)  be more extraverted. 
B)  be better behaved. 
C)  be less aggressive. 
D)  have lower IQs.

Question 15

When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus,it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 16

The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  the order in which they are presented. 
B)  that one reliably elicits the response of interest prior to conditioning while the other does not. 
C)  that during conditioning the response to one increases while the response to the other decreases. 
D)  the strength of the response that each stimulus elicits. 
A)  the order in which they are presented. 
B)  that one reliably elicits the response of interest prior to conditioning while the other does not. 
C)  that during conditioning the response to one increases while the response to the other decreases. 
D)  the strength of the response that each stimulus elicits.

Question 17

Escape and avoidance responses are both initially acquired through negative reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The study by Domjan et al.(1998),which investigated the adaptive significance of sexual conditioning,may shed some light on

Accepted Answer

A)  how erectile dysfunction may develop in humans. 
B)  why some species fail to reproduce and become extinct. 
C)  how sexual fetishes develop in humans. 
D)  the evolutionary causes of infertility in humans. 
A)  how erectile dysfunction may develop in humans. 
B)  why some species fail to reproduce and become extinct. 
C)  how sexual fetishes develop in humans. 
D)  the evolutionary causes of infertility in humans.

Question 19

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of ____,but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that ____ is also very important.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature; nurture 
B)  nurture; nature 
C)  heredity; biology 
D)  instincts; training 
A)  nature; nurture 
B)  nurture; nature 
C)  heredity; biology 
D)  instincts; training

Question 20

Your spouse withdraws attention from you each time you begin criticizing her cooking.Eventually,you stop criticizing your spouse's cooking.The withdrawal of attention can be categorized as

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  punishment. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  modeling.

Traffic lights serve as discriminative stimuli for the operant behavior of driving.

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning,the learning is referred to as

After watching his father wash the car,five-year-old Bob washes his bike.This is an example of

In general,interval schedules of reinforcement tend to produce more rapid responding than ratio schedules.

The studies of Garcia and his colleagues demonstrate that rats very easily learn to associate a taste CS with

According to Skinner,a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Jane was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt.Now,she no longer wears that style of shirt to school.Being ridiculed is an example of

Food would be considered a(n) reinforcer,while money would be considered a(n) reinforcer.

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both weaken the tendency of the organism to make a response.

Concerns about the use of punishment as a disciplinary measure include concerns about side effects including anxiety,anger and resentment.

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling,even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour.In this example,Jeremy's behavior while Jessica's behavior .

An operantly conditioned response that is very durable and relatively hard to extinguish is said to show

Research shows that children who are spanked tend to

When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus,it is referred to as

The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is

Escape and avoidance responses are both initially acquired through negative reinforcement.

The study by Domjan et al.(1998),which investigated the adaptive significance of sexual conditioning,may shed some light on

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of ,but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that is also very important.

Your spouse withdraws attention from you each time you begin criticizing her cooking.Eventually,you stop criticizing your spouse's cooking.The withdrawal of attention can be categorized as

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 6: Learning

Traffic lights serve as discriminative stimuli for the operant behavior of driving.

When personal likes and dislikes are acquired through processes of classical conditioning,the learning is referred to as

After watching his father wash the car,five-year-old Bob washes his bike.This is an example of

In general,interval schedules of reinforcement tend to produce more rapid responding than ratio schedules.

The studies of Garcia and his colleagues demonstrate that rats very easily learn to associate a taste CS with

According to Skinner,a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Jane was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt.Now,she no longer wears that style of shirt to school.Being ridiculed is an example of

Food would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer,while money would be considered a(n)____________________ reinforcer.

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both weaken the tendency of the organism to make a response.

Concerns about the use of punishment as a disciplinary measure include concerns about side effects including anxiety,anger and resentment.

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling,even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour.In this example,Jeremy's behavior ____ while Jessica's behavior ____.

An operantly conditioned response that is very durable and relatively hard to extinguish is said to show

Research shows that children who are spanked tend to

When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus,it is referred to as

The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is

Escape and avoidance responses are both initially acquired through negative reinforcement.

The study by Domjan et al.(1998),which investigated the adaptive significance of sexual conditioning,may shed some light on

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of ____,but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that ____ is also very important.

Your spouse withdraws attention from you each time you begin criticizing her cooking.Eventually,you stop criticizing your spouse's cooking.The withdrawal of attention can be categorized as

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

Filters

Food would be considered a(n) reinforcer,while money would be considered a(n) reinforcer.

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling,even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour.In this example,Jeremy's behavior while Jessica's behavior .

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of ,but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that is also very important.