Question 1

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  approval 
B)  food 
C)  a toy for a child 
D)  money 
A)  approval 
B)  food 
C)  a toy for a child 
D)  money

Question 3

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment may generalize to other behaviors. 
B)  Punishment increases the frequency of undesired behavior. 
C)  Punishment triggers strong emotional responses. 
D)  Punishment may be modeled by children as a way of solving problems. 
A)  Punishment may generalize to other behaviors. 
B)  Punishment increases the frequency of undesired behavior. 
C)  Punishment triggers strong emotional responses. 
D)  Punishment may be modeled by children as a way of solving problems.

Question 4

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children but not adults. 
B)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among adults but not children. 
C)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children and adults. 
D)  no conclusion as to the cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggression because the majority of the studies have been correlational. 
A)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children but not adults. 
B)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among adults but not children. 
C)  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children and adults. 
D)  no conclusion as to the cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggression because the majority of the studies have been correlational.

Question 5

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval

Question 6

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)  a variable-ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
C)  a variable-interval schedule. 
D)  a fixed-ratio schedule. 
A)  a variable-ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
C)  a variable-interval schedule. 
D)  a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observational learning is entirely separate from both classical and operant conditioning. 
B)  Observational learning is a form of classical conditioning. 
C)  Observational learning is a form of operant conditioning. 
D)  Both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning. 
A)  Observational learning is entirely separate from both classical and operant conditioning. 
B)  Observational learning is a form of classical conditioning. 
C)  Observational learning is a form of operant conditioning. 
D)  Both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.

Question 9

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  yell at his mother 
B)  yell at his sister 
C)  go and tell his father what the mother said 
D)  yell at his father 
A)  yell at his mother 
B)  yell at his sister 
C)  go and tell his father what the mother said 
D)  yell at his father

Question 10

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to positive consequences. 
B)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to negative consequences. 
C)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is preceded by positive consequences. 
D)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is completed in front of the child live; not on tv. 
A)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to positive consequences. 
B)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to negative consequences. 
C)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is preceded by positive consequences. 
D)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is completed in front of the child live; not on tv.

Question 12

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

Accepted Answer

In general,reinforcement causes response

Question 13

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral contract. 
B)  reinforcement contract. 
C)  operant agreement. 
D)  behavior modification agreement. 
A)  behavioral contract. 
B)  reinforcement contract. 
C)  operant agreement. 
D)  behavior modification agreement.

Question 14

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  the balcony 
B)  fear of the balcony 
C)  almost falling 
D)  fear resulting from almost falling 
A)  the balcony 
B)  fear of the balcony 
C)  almost falling 
D)  fear resulting from almost falling

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  laughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class 
B)  nagging a child until she pick up her toys 
C)  taking away a child's TV privileges for one week for a bad report card 
D)  making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for back-talk 
A)  laughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class 
B)  nagging a child until she pick up her toys 
C)  taking away a child's TV privileges for one week for a bad report card 
D)  making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for back-talk

Question 16

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  contiguity. 
C)  acquisition. 
D)  conditioning. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  contiguity. 
C)  acquisition. 
D)  conditioning.

Question 17

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

conditione

Question 18

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social critics have expressed concern about the...

Question 19

Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer.This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water.She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip,however,as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  second-order conditioning. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  second-order conditioning. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 20

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  slow responding taking place. 
C)  fast responding taking place. 
D)  extinction has occurred. 
A)  poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  slow responding taking place. 
C)  fast responding taking place. 
D)  extinction has occurred.

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

The initial stage of learning a response is called

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the stimulus because of its association with the stimulus.

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

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Exam 6: Learning

According to Skinner,if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response,reinforcement has occurred.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests that

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

According to Martin Seligman,preparedness involves a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others.

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a slow,steady rate,but it does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning,in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like,the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral,conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura,Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

It often helps an individual comply with a behavior modification program if he signs a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.This type of agreement is referred to as a(n)

Sally developed a fear of balconies after almost falling from a balcony on a couple of occasions.What was the conditioned response?

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

The initial stage of learning a response is called

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

Social critics have expressed concern about the amount of violence on television since TV became popular and the majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of ____________________ learning.

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box,a steep slope in the line indicates

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

Filters

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the stimulus because of its association with the stimulus.