Question 1

When as a young child you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda,money began to become an effective

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary reinforcer. 
B)  primary reinforcer. 
C)  operant reinforcer. 
D)  classical reinforcer. 
A)  secondary reinforcer. 
B)  primary reinforcer. 
C)  operant reinforcer. 
D)  classical reinforcer.

Question 2

In terms of the traditional view of conditioning,research on conditioned taste aversion was surprising because

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a long delay between CS and US. 
B)  the dislike of a particular taste was operantly conditioned. 
C)  conditioning occurred to all stimuli present when the food was consumed. 
D)  the sense of taste seems to be relatively weak. 
A)  there was a long delay between CS and US. 
B)  the dislike of a particular taste was operantly conditioned. 
C)  conditioning occurred to all stimuli present when the food was consumed. 
D)  the sense of taste seems to be relatively weak.

Question 3

Every time Brianna does the dishes her parents give her a dollar.What type of reinforcement are Brianna's parents using?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  punishment 
D)  negative reinforcement 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  punishment 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 4

____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement)of a response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant...

Question 5

Nolan has learned to drink a cup of coffee whenever he gets a tension headache because drinking coffee makes the pain of the headache go away.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 6

Nicolas has autistic disorder and he was mute.A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips.This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words,and eventually only for saying complete sentences.In this example,Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 7

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone.Then,a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials.Finally,the light is presented alone,and the dog responds.This procedure is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  chaining 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  compound conditioning. 
D)  sensory preconditioning. 
A)  chaining 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  compound conditioning. 
D)  sensory preconditioning.

Question 8

In escape learning a response is acquired because it decreases an aversive stimulus; in avoidance learning the organism learns the response because it prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  stimulus contiguities. 
C)  schedules of reinforcement. 
D)  antecedents. 
A)  reinforcement contingencies. 
B)  stimulus contiguities. 
C)  schedules of reinforcement. 
D)  antecedents.

Question 10

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger.Today,even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine.The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  delayed reinforcement. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  delayed reinforcement. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 11

The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning can only be used to condition biologically meaningful responses. 
B)  once a conditioned response has been extinguished, a person will also stop responding to other stimuli that are similar. 
C)  extinction does not erase a learned association, it only suppresses or interferes with a conditioned response. 
D)  when a conditioned response is extinguished, higher-order responses replace the original response. 
A)  classical conditioning can only be used to condition biologically meaningful responses. 
B)  once a conditioned response has been extinguished, a person will also stop responding to other stimuli that are similar. 
C)  extinction does not erase a learned association, it only suppresses or interferes with a conditioned response. 
D)  when a conditioned response is extinguished, higher-order responses replace the original response.

Question 12

Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it.Last week she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons.Now she is also afraid of clowns,even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped.Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  the renewal effect. 
A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  the renewal effect.

Question 13

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light,you stop.On the other hand,when you approach that same light and see a green light,you continue driving.This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 14

How do psychologists define learning?

Accepted Answer

Learning is defined as a relat

Question 15

Escape conditioning is maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 16

A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week.He is being paid on a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 17

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach.Sally is demonstrating a(n)____________________.

Accepted Answer

conditione

Question 18

Nancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away.Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  punishers. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  punishers.

Question 19

When the rat presses a lever,the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off.What procedure is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  escape 
C)  discrimination training 
D)  avoidance 
A)  punishment 
B)  escape 
C)  discrimination training 
D)  avoidance

Question 20

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

Accepted Answer

Good responses will: (1)specify observab

When as a young child you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda,money began to become an effective

In terms of the traditional view of conditioning,research on conditioned taste aversion was surprising because

Every time Brianna does the dishes her parents give her a dollar.What type of reinforcement are Brianna's parents using?

____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement)of a response.

Nolan has learned to drink a cup of coffee whenever he gets a tension headache because drinking coffee makes the pain of the headache go away.This is an example of

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone.Then,a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials.Finally,the light is presented alone,and the dog responds.This procedure is known as

In escape learning a response is acquired because it decreases an aversive stimulus; in avoidance learning the organism learns the response because it prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring.

The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger.Today,even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine.The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery suggests that

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light,you stop.On the other hand,when you approach that same light and see a green light,you continue driving.This example illustrates

How do psychologists define learning?

Escape conditioning is maintained by

A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week.He is being paid on a ____ schedule.

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach.Sally is demonstrating a(n)____________________.

Nancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away.Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again.This is an example of

When the rat presses a lever,the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off.What procedure is being used?

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

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Exam 6: Learning

When as a young child you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda,money began to become an effective

In terms of the traditional view of conditioning,research on conditioned taste aversion was surprising because

Every time Brianna does the dishes her parents give her a dollar.What type of reinforcement are Brianna's parents using?

____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement)of a response.

Nolan has learned to drink a cup of coffee whenever he gets a tension headache because drinking coffee makes the pain of the headache go away.This is an example of

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone.Then,a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials.Finally,the light is presented alone,and the dog responds.This procedure is known as

In escape learning a response is acquired because it decreases an aversive stimulus; in avoidance learning the organism learns the response because it prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring.

The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger.Today,even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine.The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery suggests that

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light,you stop.On the other hand,when you approach that same light and see a green light,you continue driving.This example illustrates

How do psychologists define learning?

Escape conditioning is maintained by

A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week.He is being paid on a ____ schedule.

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach.Sally is demonstrating a(n)____________________.

Nancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away.Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again.This is an example of

When the rat presses a lever,the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off.What procedure is being used?

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

Filters