Exam 8: Language and Thought

Zackary's friend asks how well Zackary gets along with his younger brother.Zackary thinks about how irritating his younger brother was yesterday,and the big fight they had as a result,and tells his friend that he doesn't get along with his brother at all.In this instance,Zackary's response is consistent with

In which case would working backward to solve a problem be an effective strategy?

Metalinguistic awareness refers to

You are at a daycare center and you hear three 12-month-old babies babbling,each baby from a different ethnic/linguistic background (Asian,Hispanic,and Caucasian).The babbling of each of these infants

You are listening to 2-year-old Annie as she says "No eat.No like." She is trying to let you know that she is not going to eat her broccoli because she doesn't like it.Annie's communication illustrates the use of

Last Halloween,4-year-old Jillian called the decorations at her house "punkins." This year she is able to say "pumpkins" when she describes them.In this instance,Jillian has made a gain in her use of

In light of their views on language acquisition,which theorist would expect apes to progress the furthest in language development?

The tendency to evaluate evidence in a way that supports one's own opinions is referred to as

Research shows that Democrats tend to predict that Democratic candidates will win elections,while Republicans tend to predict that Republicans will win.This is likely the result of

Dean ate ice cream for the first time yesterday.All day today he has been asking for ice cream.This would be an example of

When Graham is printing copies from the computer in the computer classroom,the paper keeps jamming in the machine.He takes the paper out of the paper tray,fans it,and then flips it over,so the other side of the paper feeds first.This is the way he solves similar problems on the photocopy machine at the office where he works.In this case,Graham's method of solving the problem is consistent with the problem-solving heuristic known as

Marie received a puzzle as a present for her birthday.The puzzle has three pegs,and to solve the puzzle a person is required to move nine disks from the center peg to one of the outside pegs.However,only one disk can be moved at a time,and a larger disk can never be placed on top of a smaller disk.Marie's puzzle is an example of

Eva just upgraded her software package.However,even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files,Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade.In this case,Eva is showing evidence of

According to Nisbett and his colleagues,an analytic cognitive style is one that focuses on

Many people mistakenly believe their chances of dying in an airplane crash are greater than their chances of dying in an automobile crash.This belief reflects the operation of

The active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable is the cognitive structure known as

Bilingualism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is

When 3-year-old Garret is coloring a picture,he carefully selects a brown crayon to color a tree trunk,a green crayon for the leaves in the tree,and a red crayon for the bird in the tree.When Garret is asked to name the colors he has been using,he confidently answers "blue" each time.The fact that Garret can distinguish between the colors,even though he can't accurately name them yet,suggests that

The two sentences "Tom hit John" and "John hit Tom" are the same in regard to