Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning functional fixedness is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to young children, older children and adults are less likely to show evidence of functional fixedness. 
B)  All age groups are likely to show evidence of functional fixedness, especially when solving problems using unfamiliar objects. 
C)  Compared to all other age groups, adolescents are most likely to show evidence of functional fixedness. 
D)  Compared to older children and adults, young children are less likely to show evidence of functional fixedness. 
A)  Compared to young children, older children and adults are less likely to show evidence of functional fixedness. 
B)  All age groups are likely to show evidence of functional fixedness, especially when solving problems using unfamiliar objects. 
C)  Compared to all other age groups, adolescents are most likely to show evidence of functional fixedness. 
D)  Compared to older children and adults, young children are less likely to show evidence of functional fixedness.

Question 2

Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  fail to consider 
B)  underestimate 
C)  accurately assess 
D)  overestimate 
A)  fail to consider 
B)  underestimate 
C)  accurately assess 
D)  overestimate

Question 3

Dr.DeGroot believes that children gradually acquire language skills as neural circuits that support language develop within the brain.Dr.DeGroot further believes that these neural circuits will not develop unless children are exposed to appropriate language learning experiences.Dr.DeGroot's views most closely mirror those found in

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral theories of language acquisition. 
B)  nativist theories of language acquisition. 
C)  emergentist theories of language acquisition. 
D)  social communication theories of language acquisition. 
A)  behavioral theories of language acquisition. 
B)  nativist theories of language acquisition. 
C)  emergentist theories of language acquisition. 
D)  social communication theories of language acquisition.

Question 4

Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimating the improbable. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the confirmation bias. 
A)  overestimating the improbable. 
B)  the conjunction fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the confirmation bias.

Question 5

Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001)have argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n)____________________ cognitive style whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n)____________________ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001)have argued...

Question 6

Which child is exhibiting underextension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abby, who uses the word "swing" when referring to all the pieces of playground equipment on the playground 
B)  Brenda, who uses the word "car" only when referring to her mother's car 
C)  Cindy, who uses the word "doggie" when referring to both her dog Fido and her grandmother's cat Fluffy 
D)  Debbie, who uses the word "doggie" when referring to both her dog Fido and her grandmother's dog Spot 
A)  Abby, who uses the word "swing" when referring to all the pieces of playground equipment on the playground 
B)  Brenda, who uses the word "car" only when referring to her mother's car 
C)  Cindy, who uses the word "doggie" when referring to both her dog Fido and her grandmother's cat Fluffy 
D)  Debbie, who uses the word "doggie" when referring to both her dog Fido and her grandmother's dog Spot

Question 7

Research by John Payne found that people adapt their decision-making approach to the demands of the task.Specifically,as choices become more complex,people tend to shift toward

Accepted Answer

A)  more complex decision strategies. 
B)  more risky decision strategies. 
C)  simpler decision strategies. 
D)  more conservative decision strategies. 
A)  more complex decision strategies. 
B)  more risky decision strategies. 
C)  simpler decision strategies. 
D)  more conservative decision strategies.

Question 8

The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates...

Question 9

When Alaina is working on her bicycle,she brings her entire tool kit out on the driveway and starts pulling wrenches from the tool kit at random,trying them until she finds one that fits.Alaina's approach when she is working on her bicycle could be best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  alternate outcomes analysis. 
B)  working backward. 
C)  trial and error. 
D)  forming subgoals. 
A)  alternate outcomes analysis. 
B)  working backward. 
C)  trial and error. 
D)  forming subgoals.

Question 10

Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that a holistic style of thinking is one that focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  objects and their properties, rather than overall context. 
B)  following step-by-step procedures rather than using mental shortcuts. 
C)  context and relationships among the elements in a field. 
D)  external frames of reference and takes the environment as a given. 
A)  objects and their properties, rather than overall context. 
B)  following step-by-step procedures rather than using mental shortcuts. 
C)  context and relationships among the elements in a field. 
D)  external frames of reference and takes the environment as a given.

Question 11

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage,they are using

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  a holistic decision model. 
D)  the elimination by aspects strategy. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  a holistic decision model. 
D)  the elimination by aspects strategy.

Question 12

Three month old infants can

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguish phonemes from all languages; including those they do not hear in their own languages. 
B)  readily discriminate between phonemes in their native language, but not in other languages. 
C)  recognize common word forms. 
D)  produce but not understand simple words like "mama" and "papa." 
A)  distinguish phonemes from all languages; including those they do not hear in their own languages. 
B)  readily discriminate between phonemes in their native language, but not in other languages. 
C)  recognize common word forms. 
D)  produce but not understand simple words like "mama" and "papa."

Question 13

Owners of automobile junkyards prefer to use the term automobile recycling centers.This is an example of the use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  framing 
B)  semantic slanting 
C)  anticipatory name calling 
D)  subjective utility 
A)  framing 
B)  semantic slanting 
C)  anticipatory name calling 
D)  subjective utility

Question 14

Which of the following heuristics would you probably employ if assigned the task of carrying out a school election?

Accepted Answer

A)  work backwards 
B)  representativeness 
C)  search for analogies 
D)  form subgoals 
A)  work backwards 
B)  representativeness 
C)  search for analogies 
D)  form subgoals

Question 15

The ___________ effect occurs when solutions emerge for a problem after a period of not consciously thinking about the problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation 
B)  analytical 
C)  sleeper 
D)  reprocessing 
A)  incubation 
B)  analytical 
C)  sleeper 
D)  reprocessing

Question 16

A child who says,"I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  underregularization 
A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  underregularization

Question 17

Washoe acquired a sign language vocabulary of roughly 160 words and learned to combine those words into simple sentences; however critics have expressed doubts about whether Washoe had really acquired the ____________________ of language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Washoe acquired a sign language vocabulary of...

Question 18

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words,they ____ more words than they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hear; speak 
B)  speak; understand 
C)  understand; speak 
D)  understand; hear 
A)  hear; speak 
B)  speak; understand 
C)  understand; speak 
D)  understand; hear

Question 19

Series-completion problems are examples of which of Greeno's (1978)categories?

Accepted Answer

A)  inducing structure 
B)  arrangement 
C)  transformation 
D)  recategorization 
A)  inducing structure 
B)  arrangement 
C)  transformation 
D)  recategorization

Question 20

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overregularizations occur only in English, which has numerous irregular verbs. 
B)  Overregularizations reflect the fact that children do not acquire the rules of grammar in a single leap. 
C)  Overregularizations increase when school-age children are formally taught subtle exceptions to grammatical rules. 
D)  Overregularizations are less common in children's comprehension of words than in their production of words. 
A)  Overregularizations occur only in English, which has numerous irregular verbs. 
B)  Overregularizations reflect the fact that children do not acquire the rules of grammar in a single leap. 
C)  Overregularizations increase when school-age children are formally taught subtle exceptions to grammatical rules. 
D)  Overregularizations are less common in children's comprehension of words than in their production of words.

Which of the following statements concerning functional fixedness is MOST accurate?

Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.

Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to

Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001)have argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) cognitive style whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) cognitive style.

Which child is exhibiting underextension?

Research by John Payne found that people adapt their decision-making approach to the demands of the task.Specifically,as choices become more complex,people tend to shift toward

The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

When Alaina is working on her bicycle,she brings her entire tool kit out on the driveway and starts pulling wrenches from the tool kit at random,trying them until she finds one that fits.Alaina's approach when she is working on her bicycle could be best described as

Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that a holistic style of thinking is one that focuses on

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage,they are using

Three month old infants can

Owners of automobile junkyards prefer to use the term automobile recycling centers.This is an example of the use of:

Which of the following heuristics would you probably employ if assigned the task of carrying out a school election?

The ___________ effect occurs when solutions emerge for a problem after a period of not consciously thinking about the problem.

A child who says,"I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?

Washoe acquired a sign language vocabulary of roughly 160 words and learned to combine those words into simple sentences; however critics have expressed doubts about whether Washoe had really acquired the ____________________ of language.

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words,they more words than they .

Series-completion problems are examples of which of Greeno's (1978)categories?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

Filters

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Which of the following statements concerning functional fixedness is MOST accurate?

Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.

Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to

Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001)have argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n)____________________ cognitive style whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n)____________________ cognitive style.

Which child is exhibiting underextension?

Research by John Payne found that people adapt their decision-making approach to the demands of the task.Specifically,as choices become more complex,people tend to shift toward

The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

When Alaina is working on her bicycle,she brings her entire tool kit out on the driveway and starts pulling wrenches from the tool kit at random,trying them until she finds one that fits.Alaina's approach when she is working on her bicycle could be best described as

Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that a holistic style of thinking is one that focuses on

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage,they are using

Three month old infants can

Owners of automobile junkyards prefer to use the term automobile recycling centers.This is an example of the use of:

Which of the following heuristics would you probably employ if assigned the task of carrying out a school election?

The ___________ effect occurs when solutions emerge for a problem after a period of not consciously thinking about the problem.

A child who says,"I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?

Washoe acquired a sign language vocabulary of roughly 160 words and learned to combine those words into simple sentences; however critics have expressed doubts about whether Washoe had really acquired the ____________________ of language.

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words,they ____ more words than they ____.

Series-completion problems are examples of which of Greeno's (1978)categories?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress,Coping,and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Statistical Methods

Industrial organizational Psychology

Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology

Filters

Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001)have argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) cognitive style whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) cognitive style.

Young children have a larger receptive vocabulary than productive vocabulary.In other words,they more words than they .