Question 1

The forces that oppose the forward movement of an object through a liquid are collectively referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The forces that oppose the forward movement...

Question 2

The role of extensor muscles,absent in the leg joints of many spiders,has been replaced by

Accepted Answer

A) fluid movements and pressure changes of the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) strategically placed exoskeletal plates that store elastic energy when deformed. 
C) a system of chitinous self-locking and unlocking catches and levers. 
D) a system of autonomously controlled valves within the legs. 
A) fluid movements and pressure changes of the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) strategically placed exoskeletal plates that store elastic energy when deformed. 
C) a system of chitinous self-locking and unlocking catches and levers. 
D) a system of autonomously controlled valves within the legs.

Question 3

In insects,indirect flight muscles

Accepted Answer

A) tend to be found in the more primitive orders such as the locusts and dragonflies. 
B) change the position of the wings by altering the shape of the thorax. 
C) function in the absence of direct flight muscles. 
D) are also referred to as synchronous flight muscles. 
A) tend to be found in the more primitive orders such as the locusts and dragonflies. 
B) change the position of the wings by altering the shape of the thorax. 
C) function in the absence of direct flight muscles. 
D) are also referred to as synchronous flight muscles.

Question 4

All but which one of the following compounds is an invertebrate phosphogen?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoarginine 
B) phosphocreatine 
C) phosphoglycocyamine 
D) phospholambricine 
A) phosphoarginine 
B) phosphocreatine 
C) phosphoglycocyamine 
D) phospholambricine

Question 5

Briefly name and explain the roles of the various hindlimb muscles that function in walking in mammals.

Accepted Answer

The leg is moved forward by the extensor

Question 6

For most swimming animals,drag is proportional to the

Accepted Answer

A) square root of the buoyancy. 
B) inverse of the mass-specific metabolic rate. 
C) Reynolds number. 
D) velocity squared. 
A) square root of the buoyancy. 
B) inverse of the mass-specific metabolic rate. 
C) Reynolds number. 
D) velocity squared.

Question 7

From an evolutionary perspective,animals produce myoglobin

Accepted Answer

A) to reduce the costs of building and maintaining vasculature. 
B) to increase intracellular storage of CO₂ and reduce dependence on carbonic anhydrase. 
C) to mediate the detrimental effects of pH changes by serving as an intracellular buffer. 
D) to serve as an intracellular sink of amino acids. 
A) to reduce the costs of building and maintaining vasculature. 
B) to increase intracellular storage of CO₂ and reduce dependence on carbonic anhydrase. 
C) to mediate the detrimental effects of pH changes by serving as an intracellular buffer. 
D) to serve as an intracellular sink of amino acids.

Question 8

The regular cycling between constriction and dilation of arterioles feeding capillaries is known as

Accepted Answer

A) vasocongestion. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) vasomotion. 
D) vasospasm. 
A) vasocongestion. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) vasomotion. 
D) vasospasm.

Question 9

Explain the mechanism by which oxygen perfusion is increased in hypoxic muscle tissue.

Accepted Answer

When endothelial cells experience hypoxi

Question 10

Describe the organization of the muscles of the mantle of a squid and the mechanism of jet propulsion.

Accepted Answer

The muscles of the outer body wall are i

Question 11

The arrangement of most muscles and bones in animal locomotion fall into the category of class __________ levers.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV

Question 12

Once oxygen leaves the capillary and crosses the muscle cell plasma membrane,it is rapidly bound by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once oxygen leaves the capillary and crosses...

Question 13

The viscous effects of water would have the greatest impact on inhibiting the forward motion of a

Accepted Answer

A) copepod. 
B) minnow. 
C) tuna. 
D) whale. 
A) copepod. 
B) minnow. 
C) tuna. 
D) whale.

Question 14

How does the caudal fin of a fish generate thrust?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the caudal fin through the w

Question 15

Whales and seals prepare for a dive by

Accepted Answer

A) storing excess blood in the liver for later use. 
B) sequestering high levels of intracellular calcium to buffer pH changes. 
C) saturating myoglobin stores with oxygen. 
D) all of the above 
A) storing excess blood in the liver for later use. 
B) sequestering high levels of intracellular calcium to buffer pH changes. 
C) saturating myoglobin stores with oxygen. 
D) all of the above

Question 16

The white muscles of fish are organized into units of parallel layers derived from internal segments of the embryo called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The white muscles of fish are organized...

Question 17

Many species of zooplankton possess large droplets of lipid,typically in the form of __________,to increase their buoyancy.

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterol 
B) squalene 
C) triglycerides 
D) wax esters 
A) cholesterol 
B) squalene 
C) triglycerides 
D) wax esters

Question 18

Cartilaginous skeletons are found in

Accepted Answer

A) lampreys. 
B) hagfish. 
C) sharks and rays. 
D) all of the above 
A) lampreys. 
B) hagfish. 
C) sharks and rays. 
D) all of the above

Question 19

During muscle activity,ATP plays a role in providing energy for

Accepted Answer

A) cross-bridge cycling. 
B) establishing ion gradients across the sarcolemmal membrane. 
C) transporting Ca²⁺ back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
D) all of the above 
A) cross-bridge cycling. 
B) establishing ion gradients across the sarcolemmal membrane. 
C) transporting Ca²⁺ back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
D) all of the above

Question 20

How does the mitochondrial content vary among muscle types and species?

Accepted Answer

The mitochondrial content of glycolytic

The forces that oppose the forward movement of an object through a liquid are collectively referred to as __________.

The role of extensor muscles,absent in the leg joints of many spiders,has been replaced by

In insects,indirect flight muscles

All but which one of the following compounds is an invertebrate phosphogen?

Briefly name and explain the roles of the various hindlimb muscles that function in walking in mammals.

For most swimming animals,drag is proportional to the

From an evolutionary perspective,animals produce myoglobin

The regular cycling between constriction and dilation of arterioles feeding capillaries is known as

Explain the mechanism by which oxygen perfusion is increased in hypoxic muscle tissue.

Describe the organization of the muscles of the mantle of a squid and the mechanism of jet propulsion.

The arrangement of most muscles and bones in animal locomotion fall into the category of class __________ levers.

Once oxygen leaves the capillary and crosses the muscle cell plasma membrane,it is rapidly bound by __________.

The viscous effects of water would have the greatest impact on inhibiting the forward motion of a

How does the caudal fin of a fish generate thrust?

Whales and seals prepare for a dive by

The white muscles of fish are organized into units of parallel layers derived from internal segments of the embryo called __________.

Many species of zooplankton possess large droplets of lipid,typically in the form of __________,to increase their buoyancy.

Cartilaginous skeletons are found in

During muscle activity,ATP plays a role in providing energy for

How does the mitochondrial content vary among muscle types and species?

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

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Exam 12: Locomotion

The forces that oppose the forward movement of an object through a liquid are collectively referred to as __________.

The role of extensor muscles,absent in the leg joints of many spiders,has been replaced by

In insects,indirect flight muscles

All but which one of the following compounds is an invertebrate phosphogen?

Briefly name and explain the roles of the various hindlimb muscles that function in walking in mammals.

For most swimming animals,drag is proportional to the

From an evolutionary perspective,animals produce myoglobin

The regular cycling between constriction and dilation of arterioles feeding capillaries is known as

Explain the mechanism by which oxygen perfusion is increased in hypoxic muscle tissue.

Describe the organization of the muscles of the mantle of a squid and the mechanism of jet propulsion.

The arrangement of most muscles and bones in animal locomotion fall into the category of class __________ levers.

Once oxygen leaves the capillary and crosses the muscle cell plasma membrane,it is rapidly bound by __________.

The viscous effects of water would have the greatest impact on inhibiting the forward motion of a

How does the caudal fin of a fish generate thrust?

Whales and seals prepare for a dive by

The white muscles of fish are organized into units of parallel layers derived from internal segments of the embryo called __________.

Many species of zooplankton possess large droplets of lipid,typically in the form of __________,to increase their buoyancy.

Cartilaginous skeletons are found in

During muscle activity,ATP plays a role in providing energy for

How does the mitochondrial content vary among muscle types and species?

Introduction to Physiological Principles

Physiological Evolution of Animals

Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology

Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation

Neuron Structure and Function

Cellular Movement and Muscles

Sensory Systems

Functional Organization of Nervous Systems

Circulatory Systems

Immune Systems

Respiratory Systems

Ion and Water Balance

Digestion and Energy Metabolism

Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Physiology

Filters