Question 1

The term for the use of information about a person's genotype and other clinical data in order to select a medication is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  best medical practices. 
B)  molecular profiling. 
C)  personalized medicine. 
D)  minimalized drug therapy. 
A)  best medical practices. 
B)  molecular profiling. 
C)  personalized medicine. 
D)  minimalized drug therapy. C

Question 2

In a disease that has a single gene,the concordance among monozygotic twins should be

Accepted Answer

A)  0%. 
B)  25%. 
C)  50%. 
D)  75%. 
E)  100%. 
A)  0%. 
B)  25%. 
C)  50%. 
D)  75%. 
E)  100%. E

Question 3

You are analyzing a human pedigree for a new disease and discover that the disease occurs with the same frequency in both sexes and that 25% of the children from two unaffected heterozygous parents have the disease.This disease is displaying ________ inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  sex-linked recessive 
D)  sex-linked dominant 
A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  sex-linked recessive 
D)  sex-linked dominant A

Question 4

An oncogene form of Ras would have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GTPase activity 
B)  an increased number of copies in the cell 
C)  decreased exchange of GTP for GTP 
D)  increased GTPase activity 
A)  decreased GTPase activity 
B)  an increased number of copies in the cell 
C)  decreased exchange of GTP for GTP 
D)  increased GTPase activity

Question 5

Locus heterogeneity can cause difficulties in pedigree analysis since

Accepted Answer

A)  the inheritance of only one gene is being analyzed. 
B)  the inheritance of more than one gene is being analyzed. 
C)  the cause of the disease may not have a genetic origin. 
D)  the cause of the disease may have environmental as well as genetic origins. 
A)  the inheritance of only one gene is being analyzed. 
B)  the inheritance of more than one gene is being analyzed. 
C)  the cause of the disease may not have a genetic origin. 
D)  the cause of the disease may have environmental as well as genetic origins.

Question 6

A disease that is lethal only in the homozygous condition is most likely which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked 
D)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked 
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following would indicate that a disease has a genetic,rather than environmental,cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  The disease has a specific age of onset. 
B)  The disease is cured by taking an antibiotic. 
C)  The disease occurs at the same rate in individuals that are exposed to a similar environment. 
D)  The disease occurs as frequently between close relatives as it does in unrelated individuals. 
A)  The disease has a specific age of onset. 
B)  The disease is cured by taking an antibiotic. 
C)  The disease occurs at the same rate in individuals that are exposed to a similar environment. 
D)  The disease occurs as frequently between close relatives as it does in unrelated individuals.

Question 8

The term that indicates that cancer has begun to migrate to other parts of the body is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  malignant 
B)  benign 
C)  metastatic 
D)  invasive 
E)  clonal 
A)  malignant 
B)  benign 
C)  metastatic 
D)  invasive 
E)  clonal

Question 9

In a disease that is associated with a single recessive allele,the concordance among dizygotic twins should be

Accepted Answer

A)  0%. 
B)  25%. 
C)  50%. 
D)  75%. 
E)  100%. 
A)  0%. 
B)  25%. 
C)  50%. 
D)  75%. 
E)  100%.

Question 10

Caspases are active during which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the normal cell cycle 
B)  apotosis 
C)  viral integration 
D)  DNA replication 
A)  the normal cell cycle 
B)  apotosis 
C)  viral integration 
D)  DNA replication

Question 11

Epigenetics may play a role in cancer by

Accepted Answer

A)  causing a change in gene expression patterns. 
B)  directly inducing inversion mutations. 
C)  directly resulting in gene deletions. 
D)  causing translocations. 
A)  causing a change in gene expression patterns. 
B)  directly inducing inversion mutations. 
C)  directly resulting in gene deletions. 
D)  causing translocations.

Question 12

Which technique can be used at the earliest stage in a pregnancy to provide a sample for fetal genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  amniocentesis 
B)  chorionic villus sampling 
C)  Both chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are performed at the same stage in a pregnancy. 
A)  amniocentesis 
B)  chorionic villus sampling 
C)  Both chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are performed at the same stage in a pregnancy.

Question 13

Haplotypes can be useful in the identification of disease genes since

Accepted Answer

A)  the least concordant marker(s) is typically the one that is closest to the disease gene. 
B)  the most concordant marker(s) is typically the one that is closest to the disease gene. 
C)  the most concordant marker(s) is the disease gene. 
D)  no pedigree information needs to be known. 
A)  the least concordant marker(s) is typically the one that is closest to the disease gene. 
B)  the most concordant marker(s) is typically the one that is closest to the disease gene. 
C)  the most concordant marker(s) is the disease gene. 
D)  no pedigree information needs to be known.

Question 14

What are the potential advantages for personalized medicine? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  More effective dosing 
B)  Knowing which drugs will be the most effective 
C)  Treatment of patients based on their specific physiology 
D)  Being able to classify cancers on the way the cells look under a microscope as opposed to their genetic makeup 
A)  More effective dosing 
B)  Knowing which drugs will be the most effective 
C)  Treatment of patients based on their specific physiology 
D)  Being able to classify cancers on the way the cells look under a microscope as opposed to their genetic makeup

Question 15

What are the general ways that tumor supressors and oncogenes act?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor suppressors inhibit the cell cycle and oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. 
B)  Oncogenes inhibit the cell cycle and tumor suppressors stimulate the cell cycle. 
C)  Both tumor suppressors and oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. 
D)  Both tumor suppressors and oncogenes inhibit the cell cycle. 
A)  Tumor suppressors inhibit the cell cycle and oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. 
B)  Oncogenes inhibit the cell cycle and tumor suppressors stimulate the cell cycle. 
C)  Both tumor suppressors and oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. 
D)  Both tumor suppressors and oncogenes inhibit the cell cycle.

Question 16

In the analysis of a family,you notice that males are more likely to contract a certain disease,and the daughters of affected males produce 50% of their sons affected with the disease.This disease is displaying which of the following patterns of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-linked recessive 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  autosomal dominant 
D)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  X-linked recessive 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  autosomal dominant 
D)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

What can cause epigenetic changes? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylation 
B)  Histone acetylation 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Histone phosphorylation 
A)  DNA methylation 
B)  Histone acetylation 
C)  Histone methylation 
D)  Histone phosphorylation

Question 18

Which of the following is typically associated with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  an affected offspring has one or more affected parents 
B)  an affected individual with one affected parent will have 50% of its offspring affected 
C)  two affected heterozygous individuals will have 25% of their offspring unaffected 
D)  an affected offspring has two unaffected parents 
A)  an affected offspring has one or more affected parents 
B)  an affected individual with one affected parent will have 50% of its offspring affected 
C)  two affected heterozygous individuals will have 25% of their offspring unaffected 
D)  an affected offspring has two unaffected parents

Question 19

After genetic testing,a person is identified with an inherited mutation associated with a specific class of cancer.Which of the following is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person will definitely develop the cancer in their lifetime. 
B)  The person is predisposed to the development of the cancer. 
C)  The mutation is probably in a tumor-suppressing gene. 
D)  The person may pass the trait on to their offspring. 
A)  The person will definitely develop the cancer in their lifetime. 
B)  The person is predisposed to the development of the cancer. 
C)  The mutation is probably in a tumor-suppressing gene. 
D)  The person may pass the trait on to their offspring.

Question 20

What kind of mutation would be expected both within oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that would result in gain-of-function or loss-of-function,respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Missense 
B)  Amplifications 
C)  Silent 
D)  Neutral 
A)  Missense 
B)  Amplifications 
C)  Silent 
D)  Neutral

Exam 22: Medical Genetics and Cancer

The term for the use of information about a person's genotype and other clinical data in order to select a medication is referred to as

In a disease that has a single gene,the concordance among monozygotic twins should be

You are analyzing a human pedigree for a new disease and discover that the disease occurs with the same frequency in both sexes and that 25% of the children from two unaffected heterozygous parents have the disease.This disease is displaying ________ inheritance.

An oncogene form of Ras would have which of the following characteristics?

Locus heterogeneity can cause difficulties in pedigree analysis since

A disease that is lethal only in the homozygous condition is most likely which of the following?

Which of the following would indicate that a disease has a genetic,rather than environmental,cause?

The term that indicates that cancer has begun to migrate to other parts of the body is ________.

In a disease that is associated with a single recessive allele,the concordance among dizygotic twins should be

Caspases are active during which of the following?

Epigenetics may play a role in cancer by

Which technique can be used at the earliest stage in a pregnancy to provide a sample for fetal genetic testing?

Haplotypes can be useful in the identification of disease genes since

What are the potential advantages for personalized medicine? (Select all that apply.)

What are the general ways that tumor supressors and oncogenes act?

In the analysis of a family,you notice that males are more likely to contract a certain disease,and the daughters of affected males produce 50% of their sons affected with the disease.This disease is displaying which of the following patterns of inheritance?

What can cause epigenetic changes? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is typically associated with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance?

After genetic testing,a person is identified with an inherited mutation associated with a specific class of cancer.Which of the following is incorrect?

What kind of mutation would be expected both within oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that would result in gain-of-function or loss-of-function,respectively?

Overview of Genetics

Reproduction and Chromosome Transmission

Mendelian Inheritance

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Genetics in Bacteria

Genetics of Viruses

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Molecular Structure of Chromosomes and Transposition

Dna Replication and Recombination

Gene Transcription and RNA Modification

Translation of MRNA

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Non-Coding Rnas

Gene Mutation and DNA Repair

Molecular Technologies

Genomics

Population Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

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