Question 1

Traits that fall into discrete categories are called continuous traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

QTL mapping determines the relationship between genes for quantitative traits and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the centromere 
B)  transposon sites 
C)  structural genes 
D)  molecular markers such as RFLPs 
A)  the centromere 
B)  transposon sites 
C)  structural genes 
D)  molecular markers such as RFLPs D

Question 3

The variance is the sum of the standard deviation from the mean divided by the degrees of freedom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Heritability may be calculated as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the total variance minus environmental variance 
B)  total variance minus genetic variance 
C)  genetic variance divided by environmental variance 
D)  genetic variance divided by total variance 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  the total variance minus environmental variance 
B)  total variance minus genetic variance 
C)  genetic variance divided by environmental variance 
D)  genetic variance divided by total variance 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 5

The sum of all of the values for a trait,divided by the total number of individuals,is called the standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

After several generations of artificial selective breeding,a plateau is reached where artificial selection is no longer effective. This is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  realized limit 
B)  realized heritability 
C)  selection coefficient 
D)  selection limit 
A)  realized limit 
B)  realized heritability 
C)  selection coefficient 
D)  selection limit

Question 7

What must be true regarding the strains of organisms used to construct a QTL map?

Accepted Answer

A)  they must differ for the quantitative trait 
B)  they must differ for the molecular markers 
C)  Both of these choices must be true. 
A)  they must differ for the quantitative trait 
B)  they must differ for the molecular markers 
C)  Both of these choices must be true.

Question 8

Quantitative traits usually have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental influence 
B)  polygenic basis 
C)  continuous distribution 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  environmental influence 
B)  polygenic basis 
C)  continuous distribution 
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

How do quantitative traits arise? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The trait is controlled only be a single gene and there is no environmental effect on the trait. 
B)  The trait is polygenic. 
C)  The trait is controlled by a single gene and the environment. 
D)  The population is inbred with no environmental effect on the trait. 
A)  The trait is controlled only be a single gene and there is no environmental effect on the trait. 
B)  The trait is polygenic. 
C)  The trait is controlled by a single gene and the environment. 
D)  The population is inbred with no environmental effect on the trait.

Question 10

Inbreeding reduces which of the following variances to near zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic variance 
B)  environmental variance 
C)  both variances 
D)  neither variance 
A)  genetic variance 
B)  environmental variance 
C)  both variances 
D)  neither variance

Question 11

If a completely inbred population shows phenotypic variance,then that variance is caused by environmental  effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Many organisms used in modern agriculture are a result of artificial selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Since quantitative traits are frequently associated with a number of genes and the environment,it is difficult to assign accurate phenotypic classes for a Punnett square diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

QTL stands for quantitative trait locus and may contain more than one gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What must be true for a correlation coefficient to be calculated between two traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  The values for the traits must have been obtained from unbiased sampling. 
B)  The relationship between the two traits must be linear. 
C)  The traits must follow a normal distribution. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  The values for the traits must have been obtained from unbiased sampling. 
B)  The relationship between the two traits must be linear. 
C)  The traits must follow a normal distribution. 
D)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

The process of mating between genetically unrelated individuals is called inbreeding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Heritability values can be compared between populations if there is variation in the environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

After calculating a correlation coefficient,you discover that the value is not significant at the 5% level.What can be done to produce a significant difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the sample size 
B)  decrease the sample size 
C)  Nothing, the value will remain the same regardless of sample size. 
A)  increase the sample size 
B)  decrease the sample size 
C)  Nothing, the value will remain the same regardless of sample size.

Question 19

The square root of the variance is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mean 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  standard error 
D)  covariance 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  mean 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  standard error 
D)  covariance 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 20

For a quantitative trait,the total variance of the population is due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of variance due to genetic factors only 
B)  The amount of variance due to environmental factors only 
C)  The difference between the variance attributed to genetic and environmental factors 
D)  The sum of the genetic and environmental variances 
A)  The amount of variance due to genetic factors only 
B)  The amount of variance due to environmental factors only 
C)  The difference between the variance attributed to genetic and environmental factors 
D)  The sum of the genetic and environmental variances

Exam 24: Quantitative Genetics

Traits that fall into discrete categories are called continuous traits.

QTL mapping determines the relationship between genes for quantitative traits and which of the following?

The variance is the sum of the standard deviation from the mean divided by the degrees of freedom.

Heritability may be calculated as which of the following?

The sum of all of the values for a trait,divided by the total number of individuals,is called the standard deviation.

After several generations of artificial selective breeding,a plateau is reached where artificial selection is no longer effective. This is called the ________.

What must be true regarding the strains of organisms used to construct a QTL map?

Quantitative traits usually have which of the following characteristics?

How do quantitative traits arise? (Check all that apply.)

Inbreeding reduces which of the following variances to near zero?

If a completely inbred population shows phenotypic variance,then that variance is caused by environmental effects.

Many organisms used in modern agriculture are a result of artificial selection.

Since quantitative traits are frequently associated with a number of genes and the environment,it is difficult to assign accurate phenotypic classes for a Punnett square diagram.

QTL stands for quantitative trait locus and may contain more than one gene.

What must be true for a correlation coefficient to be calculated between two traits?

The process of mating between genetically unrelated individuals is called inbreeding.

Heritability values can be compared between populations if there is variation in the environmental conditions.

After calculating a correlation coefficient,you discover that the value is not significant at the 5% level.What can be done to produce a significant difference?

The square root of the variance is called the ________.

For a quantitative trait,the total variance of the population is due to which of the following?

Overview of Genetics

Reproduction and Chromosome Transmission

Mendelian Inheritance

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Genetics in Bacteria

Genetics of Viruses

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Molecular Structure of Chromosomes and Transposition

Dna Replication and Recombination

Gene Transcription and RNA Modification

Translation of MRNA

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Non-Coding Rnas

Gene Mutation and DNA Repair

Molecular Technologies

Genomics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Population Genetics

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