Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Tooth decay develops when human saliva and proteins aggregate on the tooth and provide a hospitable surface for a range of microbial species to develop into a biofilm.  These organisms ferment carbohydrates and the acid byproducts erode the enamel,forming caries.  Tooth decay is therefore considered to be  ________.

As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses regarding the process of infection control and prevention. -Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the cause of infectious disease?  

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ________.

The spread of influenza,which is particularly widespread during the winter months,is an example of a propagated epidemic.

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ________.

The suffix -emia means ________.

Normal biota includes each of the following except ________.

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment. -Upon admission to the inpatient unit,a respiratory sputum culture and blood culture are sent.Prior to obtaining the blood culture,you provide education to the patient.Which of the following statements,by the patient,best demonstrates understanding of the rationale for the blood culture?

Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs resulting from a specific disease are called ________.

87 people developed diarrhea,fever and abdominal cramps in the aftermath of a wedding.  On diagnosis it was determined that they were suffering from salmonella,and after taking their histories,they all reported that they had eaten the chicken at the reception.  This is an example of ________.

Robert Koch is credited with proving the germ theory of disease; that infectious diseases are caused by specific microorganisms.  In developing a series of proofs (Koch's Postulates),he was able to determine the causative organism of anthrax was the bacteria Bacillus anthracis.  Which of the following statements does not contribute to Koch's Postulates and the germ theory of disease?

Which of the following is transmission of disease from mother to fetus?

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment. -As the emergency department RN,you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit.What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as reported by the patient? 

If an infectious disease emerged that was highly contagious and virulent,resulting in certain death with no known cure,epidemiological data would show

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a ________.

Opportunistic pathogens

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the ________.

The primary,natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ________.

Nowadays,HIV infection is considered a chronic disease,rather than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s.  Educational strategies to limit transmission,coupled with advances in treatment,means that compared to 1985,