Question 1

List at least four of the procedures used for determining the number of factors.

Accepted Answer

∙ A Priori Determination
∙ Determination

Question 2

A ________ is a plot of the original variables using the factor loadings as coordinates.

Accepted Answer

A) scree plot 
B) territorial map 
C) factor loading plot 
D) scattergram 
A) scree plot 
B) territorial map 
C) factor loading plot 
D) scattergram

Question 3

________ is the last step in factor analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) Interpret the factors 
B) Determine the model fit 
C) Rotate the factors 
D) Determine the number of factors 
A) Interpret the factors 
B) Determine the model fit 
C) Rotate the factors 
D) Determine the number of factors

Question 4

Selecting surrogate variables works well if one factor loading for a variable is clearly higher than all other factor loadings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Factor analysis can be used in which of the following circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) To identify underlying dimensions, or factors, that explain the correlations among a set of variables. 
B) To identify a new, smaller set of uncorrelated variables to replace the original set of correlated variables in subsequent multivariate analysis. 
C) To identify a smaller set of salient variables from a larger set for use in subsequent multivariate analysis. 
D) All are correct circumstances. 
A) To identify underlying dimensions, or factors, that explain the correlations among a set of variables. 
B) To identify a new, smaller set of uncorrelated variables to replace the original set of correlated variables in subsequent multivariate analysis. 
C) To identify a smaller set of salient variables from a larger set for use in subsequent multivariate analysis. 
D) All are correct circumstances.

Question 6

Describe principal components analysis and common factor analysis and the differences between the two methods of factor analysis.

Accepted Answer

In principal components analysis, the to

Question 7

Sometimes, because of prior knowledge, the researcher knows how many factors to expect and thus can specify the number of factors to be extracted beforehand. This is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a priori determination 
B) determination based on split-half reliability 
C) determination based on significance tests 
D) determination based on scree plot 
A) a priori determination 
B) determination based on split-half reliability 
C) determination based on significance tests 
D) determination based on scree plot

Question 8

Communality is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of variance a variable shares with all the other variables being considered 
B) the percentage of the total variance attributed to each factor 
C) the proportion of variance explained by the common factors 
D) both A and C are correct 
A) the amount of variance a variable shares with all the other variables being considered 
B) the percentage of the total variance attributed to each factor 
C) the proportion of variance explained by the common factors 
D) both A and C are correct

Question 9

A ________ is a lower triangle matrix showing the simple correlations, r, between all possible pairs of variables included in the analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) factor matrix 
B) classification matrix 
C) correlation matrix 
D) total correlation matrix 
A) factor matrix 
B) classification matrix 
C) correlation matrix 
D) total correlation matrix

Question 10

The variables to be included in the factor analysis should be specified based on past research, theory, and the judgment of the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not true about factor rotation?

Accepted Answer

A) Through rotation, the factor matrix is transformed into a simpler one that is easier to interpret. 
B) Rotation affects the communalities and the percentage of total variance explained. 
C) Preferably, each factor should have a nonzero, or significant, loadings or coefficients for only some of the variables. 
D) Different methods of rotation may result in the identification of different factors. 
A) Through rotation, the factor matrix is transformed into a simpler one that is easier to interpret. 
B) Rotation affects the communalities and the percentage of total variance explained. 
C) Preferably, each factor should have a nonzero, or significant, loadings or coefficients for only some of the variables. 
D) Different methods of rotation may result in the identification of different factors.

Question 12

________ is an approach to factor analysis that considers the total variance in the data.

Accepted Answer

A) Principal components analysis 
B) Common factor analysis 
C) Omega method 
D) Unweighted least squares 
A) Principal components analysis 
B) Common factor analysis 
C) Omega method 
D) Unweighted least squares

Question 13

The various methods of factor analysis are differentiated by the approach used to derive the weights or factor score coefficients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A principal components analysis was run and the following eigenvalue results were obtained: 2.731, 2.218, .442, .341, .183, and .085. How many factors would you retain using the eigenvalues to determine the number of factors?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six 
A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six

Question 15

What are the steps involved in conducting factor analysis (Figure 19.3 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

The steps involved in conducting factor

Question 16

The differences between the observed correlations (as given in the input correlation matrix)and the reproduced correlations (as estimated from the factor matrix)can be examined to determine model fit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The amount of variance a variable shares with all other variables included in the factor analysis is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) communality 
B) total variance 
C) shared variance 
D) percentage of variance 
A) communality 
B) total variance 
C) shared variance 
D) percentage of variance

Question 18

Factors can be estimated so that their factor scores are not correlated and the first factor accounts for the highest variance in the data, the second factor the second highest and so on.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

It is possible to compute as many principal components as there are variables; in doing so, parsimony is gained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When selecting variables to serve as surrogate variables, you should look for the variable with the highest loading on a factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Factor Analysis

List at least four of the procedures used for determining the number of factors.

A ________ is a plot of the original variables using the factor loadings as coordinates.

________ is the last step in factor analysis.

Selecting surrogate variables works well if one factor loading for a variable is clearly higher than all other factor loadings.

Factor analysis can be used in which of the following circumstances?

Describe principal components analysis and common factor analysis and the differences between the two methods of factor analysis.

Sometimes, because of prior knowledge, the researcher knows how many factors to expect and thus can specify the number of factors to be extracted beforehand. This is referred to as ________.

Communality is ________.

A ________ is a lower triangle matrix showing the simple correlations, r, between all possible pairs of variables included in the analysis.

The variables to be included in the factor analysis should be specified based on past research, theory, and the judgment of the researcher.

Which of the following statements is not true about factor rotation?

________ is an approach to factor analysis that considers the total variance in the data.

The various methods of factor analysis are differentiated by the approach used to derive the weights or factor score coefficients.

A principal components analysis was run and the following eigenvalue results were obtained: 2.731, 2.218, .442, .341, .183, and .085. How many factors would you retain using the eigenvalues to determine the number of factors?

What are the steps involved in conducting factor analysis (Figure 19.3 in the text)?

The differences between the observed correlations (as given in the input correlation matrix)and the reproduced correlations (as estimated from the factor matrix)can be examined to determine model fit.

The amount of variance a variable shares with all other variables included in the factor analysis is referred to as ________.

Factors can be estimated so that their factor scores are not correlated and the first factor accounts for the highest variance in the data, the second factor the second highest and so on.

It is possible to compute as many principal components as there are variables; in doing so, parsimony is gained.

When selecting variables to serve as surrogate variables, you should look for the variable with the highest loading on a factor.

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design

Exploratory Research Design: Secondary Data

Exploratory Research Design: Qualitative Research

Descriptive Research Design: Survey and Observation

Causal Research Design: Experimentation

Measurement and Scaling: Fundamentals and Comparative Scaling

Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Design and Procedures

Sampling: Final and Initial Sample Size Determination

Fieldwork

Data Preparation

Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

Analysis of Variance and Covariance

Correlation and Regression

Discriminant and Logit Analysis

Cluster Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling and Conjoint Analysis

Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis

Report Preparation and Presentation

International Marketing Research

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