Question 1

Every potential nonprobability sample needs to have the same probability of selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Confidence intervals, which contain the true population value with a given level of certainty, can be calculated from nonprobability samples.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Discuss some of the problems in implementing the sampling design process when conducting international marketing research.

Accepted Answer

There are concerns with defining and accessing the target population and with developing and appropriate sampling frame. The relevant element or respondent may differ from country to country. In the United States, children may play important roles in purchases. However, in countries with authoritarian child-rearing practices, the mother may be the relevant element. Women play a key role in the purchase of automobile and other durables in the United States; in male dominated societies, such as in the Middle East, such decisions are made by men. Accessibility also varies across countries. In Mexico, houses cannot be entered by strangers because of boundary walls and servants. Additionally, dwelling units may be unnumbered and streets unidentified, making it difficult to locate designated households.
Developing the appropriate sampling frame is a difficult task. In many countries, particularly developing countries, reliable information about the target population may not be available from secondary sources. Government data may be unavailable or highly biased. Population lists may not be available commercially. The time and money required to compile these lists maybe be prohibitive. For example, in Saudi Arabia, there is no officially recognized census of population, no elections, and hence no voter registration records, and no accurate maps of population centers.

Question 4

The second stage in quota sampling is to develop the control categories, or quotas, of population elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A major issue related to Internet sampling is representativeness because of lack of computer ownership and Internet access in many households in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When conducting stratified sampling only simple random sampling should be employed in selecting the elements from each stratum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Systematic sampling is similar to simple random sampling. Which of the statements below about systematic sampling does not relate to the systematic sampling and simple random sampling similarity?

Accepted Answer

A) Each population element has a known and equal probability of selection. 
B) If the population elements are arranged in a manner unrelated to the characteristic to interest, systematic sampling will yield results quite similar to simple random sampling. 
C) The random numbers do not have to be matched with individual elements. 
D) Systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling. 
A) Each population element has a known and equal probability of selection. 
B) If the population elements are arranged in a manner unrelated to the characteristic to interest, systematic sampling will yield results quite similar to simple random sampling. 
C) The random numbers do not have to be matched with individual elements. 
D) Systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling.

Question 8

All of the following statements are true about snowball sampling except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) snowball sampling can result in samples that are very large or spread over large geographic areas, thus increasing the time and cost of data collection 
B) a major objective of snowball sampling is to estimate characteristics that are rare in the population 
C) the major advantage of snowball sampling is that it substantially increases the likelihood of locating the desired characteristics in the population 
D) snowball sampling results in relatively low sampling variance and costs 
A) snowball sampling can result in samples that are very large or spread over large geographic areas, thus increasing the time and cost of data collection 
B) a major objective of snowball sampling is to estimate characteristics that are rare in the population 
C) the major advantage of snowball sampling is that it substantially increases the likelihood of locating the desired characteristics in the population 
D) snowball sampling results in relatively low sampling variance and costs

Question 9

The object that possesses the information sought by the researcher and about which inferences are to be made is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) population 
B) target population 
C) element 
D) census 
A) population 
B) target population 
C) element 
D) census

Question 10

Probability sampling techniques are uncommon in international marketing research because of all of the following reasons except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) lack of suitable sampling frames 
B) the inaccessibility of certain respondents, such as women in some cultures 
C) the dominance of personal interviewing 
D) lack of trained researchers 
A) lack of suitable sampling frames 
B) the inaccessibility of certain respondents, such as women in some cultures 
C) the dominance of personal interviewing 
D) lack of trained researchers

Question 11

________ does not allow direct generalizations to a specific population, usually because the population is not defined explicitly.

Accepted Answer

A) Snowball sampling 
B) Judgmental sampling 
C) Convenience sampling 
D) Simple random sampling 
A) Snowball sampling 
B) Judgmental sampling 
C) Convenience sampling 
D) Simple random sampling

Question 12

A census can greatly decrease nonsampling error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Discuss the advantages of convenience samples and when it is appropriate to use them.

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling is the least expens

Question 14

Sampling techniques and procedures vary in accuracy, reliability, and cost from country to country.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The target population for the department store project was defined as "male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores in metro Atlanta in 2009." "Male or female head of household responsible for most of the shopping at department stores" is what part of the target population definition?

Accepted Answer

A) elements 
B) sampling unit 
C) extent 
D) time 
A) elements 
B) sampling unit 
C) extent 
D) time

Question 16

Which sampling technique can help the researcher estimate rare characteristics (Table 11.4 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

A) convenience sampling 
B) quota sampling 
C) judgmental sampling 
D) snowball sampling 
A) convenience sampling 
B) quota sampling 
C) judgmental sampling 
D) snowball sampling

Question 17

Quota sampling ensures that the composition of the sample is the same as the composition of the population with respect to the characteristics of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The efficiency of a probability sampling technique may be assessed by comparing it to that of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nonprobability sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) simple random sampling 
D) stratified sampling 
A) nonprobability sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) simple random sampling 
D) stratified sampling

Question 19

________ is a sampling technique in which an element cannot be included in the sample more than once.

Accepted Answer

A) Bayesian approach 
B) Sampling with replacement 
C) Sampling without replacement 
D) Simple random sampling 
A) Bayesian approach 
B) Sampling with replacement 
C) Sampling without replacement 
D) Simple random sampling

Question 20

If the researcher is concerned about the number of variables, the nature of the analysis, and completion rates, then, he/she is at which stage of the sampling design process (Figure 11.1 in the text)?

Accepted Answer

A) Determine the sampling frame. 
B) Select a sampling technique(s). 
C) Determine the sample size. 
D) Execute the sampling process. 
A) Determine the sampling frame. 
B) Select a sampling technique(s). 
C) Determine the sample size. 
D) Execute the sampling process.

Exam 11: Sampling: Design and Procedures

Every potential nonprobability sample needs to have the same probability of selection.

Confidence intervals, which contain the true population value with a given level of certainty, can be calculated from nonprobability samples.

Discuss some of the problems in implementing the sampling design process when conducting international marketing research.

The second stage in quota sampling is to develop the control categories, or quotas, of population elements.

A major issue related to Internet sampling is representativeness because of lack of computer ownership and Internet access in many households in the United States.

When conducting stratified sampling only simple random sampling should be employed in selecting the elements from each stratum.

Systematic sampling is similar to simple random sampling. Which of the statements below about systematic sampling does not relate to the systematic sampling and simple random sampling similarity?

All of the following statements are true about snowball sampling except ________.

The object that possesses the information sought by the researcher and about which inferences are to be made is a ________.

Probability sampling techniques are uncommon in international marketing research because of all of the following reasons except ________.

________ does not allow direct generalizations to a specific population, usually because the population is not defined explicitly.

A census can greatly decrease nonsampling error.

Discuss the advantages of convenience samples and when it is appropriate to use them.

Sampling techniques and procedures vary in accuracy, reliability, and cost from country to country.

Which sampling technique can help the researcher estimate rare characteristics (Table 11.4 in the text)?

Quota sampling ensures that the composition of the sample is the same as the composition of the population with respect to the characteristics of interest.

The efficiency of a probability sampling technique may be assessed by comparing it to that of ________.

________ is a sampling technique in which an element cannot be included in the sample more than once.

If the researcher is concerned about the number of variables, the nature of the analysis, and completion rates, then, he/she is at which stage of the sampling design process (Figure 11.1 in the text)?

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design

Exploratory Research Design: Secondary Data

Exploratory Research Design: Qualitative Research

Descriptive Research Design: Survey and Observation

Causal Research Design: Experimentation

Measurement and Scaling: Fundamentals and Comparative Scaling

Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Final and Initial Sample Size Determination

Fieldwork

Data Preparation

Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

Analysis of Variance and Covariance

Correlation and Regression

Discriminant and Logit Analysis

Factor Analysis

Cluster Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling and Conjoint Analysis

Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis

Report Preparation and Presentation

International Marketing Research

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