Question 1

Which of the following statements about the relationship between eyewitness accuracy and confidence is true?

Accepted Answer

A) There are circumstances in which confidence and accuracy are highly correlated. 
B) The lower a witness's confidence,the more likely it is that his or her memory is accurate. 
C) When confidence in a memory gets extremely high,it indicates that a memory is probably inaccurate. 
D) The more times a witness recalls an event,the less certain he or she becomes about their memory. 
A) There are circumstances in which confidence and accuracy are highly correlated. 
B) The lower a witness's confidence,the more likely it is that his or her memory is accurate. 
C) When confidence in a memory gets extremely high,it indicates that a memory is probably inaccurate. 
D) The more times a witness recalls an event,the less certain he or she becomes about their memory.

Question 2

After Maria witnessed a hit-and-run car accident,a police officer asked her,"Did you get a good look at the driver's glasses as he drove by you?" Based on the results of many studies,we expect that if Maria is asked about the driver again a day later,she will be

Accepted Answer

A) able to recall virtually no accurate details about the visual aspects of the event. 
B) likely to recall that the driver was wearing glasses even if he was not. 
C) likely to have completely repressed the entire memory. 
D) likely to have a more accurate memory than she did immediately after the accident because her memories had consolidated overnight while she slept. 
A) able to recall virtually no accurate details about the visual aspects of the event. 
B) likely to recall that the driver was wearing glasses even if he was not. 
C) likely to have completely repressed the entire memory. 
D) likely to have a more accurate memory than she did immediately after the accident because her memories had consolidated overnight while she slept.

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to occur during the recall of everyday,moderately emotional events?

Accepted Answer

A) amnesia 
B) repression 
C) flashbulb memory recall 
D) accurate recall of the most central aspects of the event,but relatively poor recall of the event's background details 
A) amnesia 
B) repression 
C) flashbulb memory recall 
D) accurate recall of the most central aspects of the event,but relatively poor recall of the event's background details

Question 4

The creation of false memories in someone is possible

Accepted Answer

A) only for small details;memory for gist cannot be corrupted. 
B) only for events that took place long ago;recent events are remembered accurately. 
C) only for neutral or unimportant events;memories that are emotional are accurate. 
D) even for the creation of large-scale,entirely false events. 
A) only for small details;memory for gist cannot be corrupted. 
B) only for events that took place long ago;recent events are remembered accurately. 
C) only for neutral or unimportant events;memories that are emotional are accurate. 
D) even for the creation of large-scale,entirely false events.

Question 5

An important theme emerging from memory research is that memory connections

Accepted Answer

A) are crucial for recognition but are less important for recall. 
B) increase the amount of time we need to locate a memory in storage. 
C) make memories easier to locate but can lead to intrusion errors. 
D) play a role in implicit memory but not in generic memory. 
A) are crucial for recognition but are less important for recall. 
B) increase the amount of time we need to locate a memory in storage. 
C) make memories easier to locate but can lead to intrusion errors. 
D) play a role in implicit memory but not in generic memory.

Question 6

Which of the following does the text mention as a significant "cost" of memory errors?

Accepted Answer

A) inaccurate eyewitness testimony 
B) misremembering where you placed your keys 
C) forgetting the name of a friend's wife 
D) forgetting the word "lexicon" on a psychology exam 
A) inaccurate eyewitness testimony 
B) misremembering where you placed your keys 
C) forgetting the name of a friend's wife 
D) forgetting the word "lexicon" on a psychology exam

Question 7

After participants have witnessed an event,being asked misleading questions can influence their

Accepted Answer

A) immediate reports of the event as well as their recall of the event if they try to remember it sometime later. 
B) immediate reports of the event but has little impact on longer-term retention. 
C) longer-term retention of the event,but not their reports of the event immediately after witnessing it. 
D) reports of an event only if the questions plant false ideas that are compatible with the participants' schemas. 
A) immediate reports of the event as well as their recall of the event if they try to remember it sometime later. 
B) immediate reports of the event but has little impact on longer-term retention. 
C) longer-term retention of the event,but not their reports of the event immediately after witnessing it. 
D) reports of an event only if the questions plant false ideas that are compatible with the participants' schemas.

Question 8

Participants viewed a series of slides depicting an automobile accident.Immediately afterward,half of the participants were asked,"How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" The other participants were asked,"How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?" One week later,all participants were asked more questions about the slides,including whether they had seen any broken glass in the slides.A comparison of the two groups of participants is likely to show that

Accepted Answer

A) participants who were asked the "smashed" question gave higher estimates of speed and were more likely to remember seeing broken glass. 
B) the groups gave similar estimates of speed,but the "smashed" group was more likely to remember seeing broken glass. 
C) participants who were asked the "smashed" question gave higher estimates of speed,but the groups gave similar responses to the "broken glass" question. 
D) the minor contrast in how the groups were questioned had no effect on participants' memories. 
A) participants who were asked the "smashed" question gave higher estimates of speed and were more likely to remember seeing broken glass. 
B) the groups gave similar estimates of speed,but the "smashed" group was more likely to remember seeing broken glass. 
C) participants who were asked the "smashed" question gave higher estimates of speed,but the groups gave similar responses to the "broken glass" question. 
D) the minor contrast in how the groups were questioned had no effect on participants' memories.

Question 9

We cannot prevent memory errors,but can they be detected?

Accepted Answer

A) Not always,but high-confidence memories are almost always accurate. 
B) Yes,they can be detected using hypnosis. 
C) They can be detected only with expensive fMRI scans. 
D) Currently there is no reliable way to detect memory errors. 
A) Not always,but high-confidence memories are almost always accurate. 
B) Yes,they can be detected using hypnosis. 
C) They can be detected only with expensive fMRI scans. 
D) Currently there is no reliable way to detect memory errors.

Question 10

Merlin learned a magic spell (to scare away a dragon)on January 10.He then used that spell on January 18.The 8-day period between these dates is called the

Accepted Answer

A) retention interval. 
B) retrieval path. 
C) interference period. 
D) memory span. 
A) retention interval. 
B) retrieval path. 
C) interference period. 
D) memory span.

Question 11

Create your own set of stimuli (at least eight items)that could be used in the DRM procedure to cause false memories.Explain the procedure and your predictions.

Accepted Answer

Sure, here are eight stimuli that could

Question 12

Quan and Leslie both witnessed a car crash,but their stories do not match.Quan is 10 years old,was in close physical proximity to the accident,and is very confident in his description of the accident.Leslie is 45,was talking on her phone when the accident happened,and is less sure of herself when answering questions.Leslie also mentions that she has seen several car accidents at this intersection and that it is very dangerous.Based on the evidence presented in the chapter,who should be trusted? Include the pros and cons of trusting each witness.

Accepted Answer

Based on the evidence presented, Quan sh

Question 13

Information that is perceived as relevant to the self is better remembered.This is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) ego directive. 
B) autobiographical perspective advantage. 
C) self-reference effect. 
D) self-importance law. 
A) ego directive. 
B) autobiographical perspective advantage. 
C) self-reference effect. 
D) self-importance law.

Question 14

Evidence suggests that interference

Accepted Answer

A) accounts for the forgetting of semantic memories but not autobiographical memories. 
B) probably explains more forgetting than decay does. 
C) in combination with repression explains virtually all of forgetting. 
D) occurs for all memories. 
A) accounts for the forgetting of semantic memories but not autobiographical memories. 
B) probably explains more forgetting than decay does. 
C) in combination with repression explains virtually all of forgetting. 
D) occurs for all memories.

Question 15

This chapter argues that the way the details of complex episodes are held together actually leads to errors.Which component of the connection between two complex memories leads to both the successes and errors of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) the length of the connections between the memories 
B) the number of connections between the two memories 
C) the number of neurons needed to activate the connection between two memories 
D) the length of the most important memory connection 
A) the length of the connections between the memories 
B) the number of connections between the two memories 
C) the number of neurons needed to activate the connection between two memories 
D) the length of the most important memory connection

Question 16

Which of the following claims regarding schema-based knowledge is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gaps in our memory can often be filled by relying on schema-based knowledge. 
B) Schema-based knowledge often ends up regularizing our recollection of the past. 
C) Schema-based knowledge relies on recall of specific information within a memory. 
D) Schema-based knowledge can help guide attention and understanding,so it can help reconstruct parts of an event that we cannot remember. 
A) Gaps in our memory can often be filled by relying on schema-based knowledge. 
B) Schema-based knowledge often ends up regularizing our recollection of the past. 
C) Schema-based knowledge relies on recall of specific information within a memory. 
D) Schema-based knowledge can help guide attention and understanding,so it can help reconstruct parts of an event that we cannot remember.

Question 17

Julie can remember accurately what she wore,what she did,and what the weather was like on any day from 1999.She likely has

Accepted Answer

A) autobiographical memory. 
B) anterograde amnesia. 
C) hyperthymesia. 
D) hypernesia. 
A) autobiographical memory. 
B) anterograde amnesia. 
C) hyperthymesia. 
D) hypernesia.

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential problem for memory retrieval in relation to memory connections?

Accepted Answer

A) If a memory is connected to too many other memories,it can become overused,so it "shuts down" and is forgotten. 
B) Establishing a memory connection can often be a lengthy and costly procedure,so memory connections are rare. 
C) If two memories become linked,bits of information from one memory can be remembered as part of a different memory. 
D) Memory connections can be established only for traumatic memories. 
A) If a memory is connected to too many other memories,it can become overused,so it "shuts down" and is forgotten. 
B) Establishing a memory connection can often be a lengthy and costly procedure,so memory connections are rare. 
C) If two memories become linked,bits of information from one memory can be remembered as part of a different memory. 
D) Memory connections can be established only for traumatic memories.

Question 19

Will has been to the zoo many times,usually with his family but also once on a school field trip.When Will tries to remember the field trip,his recollection is

Accepted Answer

A) likely to include elements imported from memories of other zoo trips. 
B) unlikely to be influenced by schematic knowledge. 
C) likely to be highly accurate in its details. 
D) unlikely to include much perceptual information. 
A) likely to include elements imported from memories of other zoo trips. 
B) unlikely to be influenced by schematic knowledge. 
C) likely to be highly accurate in its details. 
D) unlikely to include much perceptual information.

Question 20

The claim that a memory can be "repressed" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) a painful memory that is stored but cannot be consciously recalled. 
B) a memory that cannot be recalled because of interference from another memory. 
C) a memory of an event that one pretends not to remember. 
D) a memory planted during hypnosis. 
A) a painful memory that is stored but cannot be consciously recalled. 
B) a memory that cannot be recalled because of interference from another memory. 
C) a memory of an event that one pretends not to remember. 
D) a memory planted during hypnosis.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between eyewitness accuracy and confidence is true?

After Maria witnessed a hit-and-run car accident,a police officer asked her,"Did you get a good look at the driver's glasses as he drove by you?" Based on the results of many studies,we expect that if Maria is asked about the driver again a day later,she will be

Which of the following is most likely to occur during the recall of everyday,moderately emotional events?

The creation of false memories in someone is possible

An important theme emerging from memory research is that memory connections

Which of the following does the text mention as a significant "cost" of memory errors?

After participants have witnessed an event,being asked misleading questions can influence their

We cannot prevent memory errors,but can they be detected?

Merlin learned a magic spell (to scare away a dragon)on January 10.He then used that spell on January 18.The 8-day period between these dates is called the

Create your own set of stimuli (at least eight items)that could be used in the DRM procedure to cause false memories.Explain the procedure and your predictions.

Information that is perceived as relevant to the self is better remembered.This is referred to as the

Evidence suggests that interference

This chapter argues that the way the details of complex episodes are held together actually leads to errors.Which component of the connection between two complex memories leads to both the successes and errors of memory?

Which of the following claims regarding schema-based knowledge is FALSE?

Julie can remember accurately what she wore,what she did,and what the weather was like on any day from 1999.She likely has

Which of the following is a potential problem for memory retrieval in relation to memory connections?

Will has been to the zoo many times,usually with his family but also once on a school field trip.When Will tries to remember the field trip,his recollection is

The claim that a memory can be "repressed" refers to

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 8: Remembering Complex Events

Which of the following statements about the relationship between eyewitness accuracy and confidence is true?

After Maria witnessed a hit-and-run car accident,a police officer asked her,"Did you get a good look at the driver's glasses as he drove by you?" Based on the results of many studies,we expect that if Maria is asked about the driver again a day later,she will be

Which of the following is most likely to occur during the recall of everyday,moderately emotional events?

The creation of false memories in someone is possible

An important theme emerging from memory research is that memory connections

Which of the following does the text mention as a significant "cost" of memory errors?

After participants have witnessed an event,being asked misleading questions can influence their

We cannot prevent memory errors,but can they be detected?

Merlin learned a magic spell (to scare away a dragon)on January 10.He then used that spell on January 18.The 8-day period between these dates is called the

Create your own set of stimuli (at least eight items)that could be used in the DRM procedure to cause false memories.Explain the procedure and your predictions.

Information that is perceived as relevant to the self is better remembered.This is referred to as the

Evidence suggests that interference

This chapter argues that the way the details of complex episodes are held together actually leads to errors.Which component of the connection between two complex memories leads to both the successes and errors of memory?

Which of the following claims regarding schema-based knowledge is FALSE?

Julie can remember accurately what she wore,what she did,and what the weather was like on any day from 1999.She likely has

Which of the following is a potential problem for memory retrieval in relation to memory connections?

Will has been to the zoo many times,usually with his family but also once on a school field trip.When Will tries to remember the field trip,his recollection is

The claim that a memory can be "repressed" refers to

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters