Exam 12: Judgment and Reasoning

In a new version of the Wason four-card task,participants are given the rule: "If you read the textbook,then you will get an A on the exam." Each card has a YES or NO on one side,indicating whether or not the student has read the textbook,and an exam grade on the other side.Compared with the original version of the task with just numbers and letters,participants should make

Lucia reported to her father that she saw a hummingbird in their backyard.Her father,however,knows that hummingbirds are extremely rare in that part of the country.In this situation

Which of the following is correct regarding dual-process models?

Imagine an experiment in which participants were told of a previously unknown tribe living on a Pacific island.Only one member of this tribe had been observed so far,and he was found to be obese.When asked how likely it was that all members of the tribe were obese,participants were unwilling to extrapolate from this single observation.This shows that participants

When thinking about the likelihood of events,humans are better able to make judgments based on information presented as ________ than as ________.

Describe the four-card task.In your description,include the following components: a. the basic task b. the type of logic that should govern correct performance on the task c. the typical performance rates and how those are improved by changing components of the task

Which of the following statements about the effects of emotion on decision making is FALSE?

Illusory covariations can be documented in

Aditi is terribly afraid of flying because she is certain the plane will crash.You know that the chances of a plane crash are exceedingly small,and you try to explain this to her.Given your knowledge of judgment and reasoning,describe the factors (i.e. ,judgment errors)that are contributing to her fear and give any tips that could help her overcome her fear.

Consider the Asian disease problem.Describe the various ways the problem can be framed and how people typically respond in each situation.

Dual-process models state that people

Evidence from the four-card task suggests that

Many of us overestimate our own popularity.This could be because we surround ourselves with people who like us,rather than with people who do not.Therefore,it is easier for us to think of the names of people who like us than it is to think of the names of our enemies.This overestimation of popularity seems to derive from using

Identify one of the premises in the following syllogism: All Dalmatians are dogs.Some Dalmatians have tails.Therefore,some dogs have tails.

Which of the following situations does NOT contain one of the triggers that leads people to pay attention to the quantity of evidence that is present?

"All rectangles have four sides.All squares have four sides.Therefore all rectangles are squares." This sequence happens to be invalid,but is

Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning.Include in your discussion the benefits and drawbacks to each system,the instances in which each system would be used,and how changing the data format can lead to changes in use.

Samuel is asked to predict how he will feel if he doesn't get a promotion at work,a goal he has been working hard to achieve for the past year.Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding his prediction?

Training in statistics

An inductive judgment is one in which a person