Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a proposition?

Accepted Answer

A) Julie is female. 
B) Julie's hair. 
C) Julie bikes. 
D) Julie barks. 
A) Julie is female. 
B) Julie's hair. 
C) Julie bikes. 
D) Julie barks.

Question 2

Categorization is plainly influenced by resemblance,but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance.Which of the following is evidence for the importance of these other factors?

Accepted Answer

A) Many categories have a hierarchical structure. 
B) Resemblance plays a key role in the use of prototypes but plays no role in the well-documented use of exemplars. 
C) Resemblance is typically determined by relatively superficial perceptual features,but sometimes categorization depends on deeper essential properties of the category. 
D) Learning about new categories often happens automatically,even when the learner does not notice that it is happening. 
A) Many categories have a hierarchical structure. 
B) Resemblance plays a key role in the use of prototypes but plays no role in the well-documented use of exemplars. 
C) Resemblance is typically determined by relatively superficial perceptual features,but sometimes categorization depends on deeper essential properties of the category. 
D) Learning about new categories often happens automatically,even when the learner does not notice that it is happening.

Question 3

Categorization models based on family resemblance rely on

Accepted Answer

A) the definition of each category. 
B) overlap in the features of the various members of a category. 
C) the necessary conditions for membership in a category. 
D) the sufficient conditions for membership in a category. 
A) the definition of each category. 
B) overlap in the features of the various members of a category. 
C) the necessary conditions for membership in a category. 
D) the sufficient conditions for membership in a category.

Question 4

Informal,explanatory "theories" seem to play an important role in our conceptual knowledge.Which of the following statements about the theories involved in conceptual knowledge is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They provide a knowledge base that we can rely on when thinking about an object,event,or category. 
B) They play a part in determining how easily we learn new concepts. 
C) They are usually as precise as most scientific theories. 
D) They often allow us to understand any new facts that we encounter about an object or category. 
A) They provide a knowledge base that we can rely on when thinking about an object,event,or category. 
B) They play a part in determining how easily we learn new concepts. 
C) They are usually as precise as most scientific theories. 
D) They often allow us to understand any new facts that we encounter about an object or category.

Question 5

Which of the following benefits does a hierarchical network provide?

Accepted Answer

A) Information can be searched for equally quickly across all levels of the network. 
B) It allows the option for information to be stored at higher levels,reducing redundancy in information storage. 
C) Information can be stored repeatedly,ensuring accuracy. 
D) Information is organized according to frequency of use,so that more common representations can be accessed more quickly. 
A) Information can be searched for equally quickly across all levels of the network. 
B) It allows the option for information to be stored at higher levels,reducing redundancy in information storage. 
C) Information can be stored repeatedly,ensuring accuracy. 
D) Information is organized according to frequency of use,so that more common representations can be accessed more quickly.

Question 6

Participants know that penguins are not typical birds,but they are certain that penguins are birds.This indicates that judgments about category membership

Accepted Answer

A) depend on a judgment of typicality. 
B) are not settled entirely by an assessment of typicality. 
C) rely on comparing the example to a prototype. 
D) do not conform to the requirements of a definition. 
A) depend on a judgment of typicality. 
B) are not settled entirely by an assessment of typicality. 
C) rely on comparing the example to a prototype. 
D) do not conform to the requirements of a definition.

Question 7

Exemplar and prototype theories are similar in the following ways EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A) both theories require the triggering of a representation in memory. 
B) both theories require previous memories to be averaged,or combined,to create the standard for a category. 
C) both theories require a judgment of resemblance. 
D) both theories allow judgments of inanimate objects. 
A) both theories require the triggering of a representation in memory. 
B) both theories require previous memories to be averaged,or combined,to create the standard for a category. 
C) both theories require a judgment of resemblance. 
D) both theories allow judgments of inanimate objects.

Question 8

The term "basic-level category" refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) level of categorization regarded by most participants as indisputable. 
B) most general level of categorization of which participants can think. 
C) most specific level of categorization of which participants can think. 
D) most natural level of categorization,which is neither too specific nor too general. 
A) level of categorization regarded by most participants as indisputable. 
B) most general level of categorization of which participants can think. 
C) most specific level of categorization of which participants can think. 
D) most natural level of categorization,which is neither too specific nor too general.

Question 9

In one procedure,participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number,4 or 18.The participants

Accepted Answer

A) regarded this task as absurd,and so they disagreed with each other about the "correct" answer. 
B) offered judgments that show that well-defined categories do not show the graded-membership pattern. 
C) regarded all of the even numbers as being "equivalently even." 
D) made the judgment in a fashion that implied a graded-membership pattern for the category "even number." 
A) regarded this task as absurd,and so they disagreed with each other about the "correct" answer. 
B) offered judgments that show that well-defined categories do not show the graded-membership pattern. 
C) regarded all of the even numbers as being "equivalently even." 
D) made the judgment in a fashion that implied a graded-membership pattern for the category "even number."

Question 10

What do evidence from fMRI studies and research on patients with brain damage tell us about the nature of categorization in the mind and brain?

Accepted Answer

Evidence from fMRI studies and research

Question 11

Assuming a parallel distributed processing (PDP)framework,describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

Accepted Answer

In a parallel distributed processing (PD

Question 12

One way to differentiate between concepts like "Sam has a dog" and "Sam is a dog" is to store information

Accepted Answer

A) in propositional networks. 
B) in prepositional networks. 
C) through an associate link between "Sam" and "dog." 
D) in a linear fashion. 
A) in propositional networks. 
B) in prepositional networks. 
C) through an associate link between "Sam" and "dog." 
D) in a linear fashion.

Question 13

When we say,"There is a family resemblance among all the members of the Martinez family," we mean that

Accepted Answer

A) there is at least one feature shared by all the members of the family. 
B) there is at least one identifying trait such that if you have that trait,you are certain to be a member of the family. 
C) any pair of family members will have traits in common,even though there may be no single trait shared by all of the family members. 
D) there are several features that all members of the family have in common. 
A) there is at least one feature shared by all the members of the family. 
B) there is at least one identifying trait such that if you have that trait,you are certain to be a member of the family. 
C) any pair of family members will have traits in common,even though there may be no single trait shared by all of the family members. 
D) there are several features that all members of the family have in common.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the prototype and exemplar theories of categorization.How do they differ? How are they similar? Does the evidence favor one over the other?

Accepted Answer

Prototype and exemplar theories are two

Question 15

Explanatory theories about our conceptual knowledge differ from prototype theory in that the explanatory theories emphasize

Accepted Answer

A) the importance of specific traits for category members. 
B) the importance of frequency of view in shaping category judgments. 
C) a holistic approach to categorization that asks how different concepts are related to each other. 
D) the fact that,as we learn more about a category,we can explain why the category is useful. 
A) the importance of specific traits for category members. 
B) the importance of frequency of view in shaping category judgments. 
C) a holistic approach to categorization that asks how different concepts are related to each other. 
D) the fact that,as we learn more about a category,we can explain why the category is useful.

Question 16

The fMRI evidence suggests that the brain areas that are activated when someone is thinking about inanimate objects will

Accepted Answer

A) be identical to the active areas for animate objects. 
B) be different from the active areas for animate objects. 
C) be localized to one hemisphere,while animate objects will be in the same region in the other hemisphere. 
D) need to directly activate brain areas for animate objects before a categorization decision can be made. 
A) be identical to the active areas for animate objects. 
B) be different from the active areas for animate objects. 
C) be localized to one hemisphere,while animate objects will be in the same region in the other hemisphere. 
D) need to directly activate brain areas for animate objects before a categorization decision can be made.

Question 17

Are basic-level categories the same as prototypes? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Basic-level categories and prototypes ar

Question 18

Describe the procedures of the sentence verification task and the production task.Would you expect to see any relationships between the results of these two tasks? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The sentence verification task involves

Question 19

An important difference between categorization via exemplars and categorization via prototypes is that according to exemplar theory

Accepted Answer

A) the standard used in a particular category can vary from one occasion to the next. 
B) one categorizes objects by comparing them to a mentally represented standard. 
C) categorization depends on a judgment of resemblance. 
D) categories are represented in the mind by a single relatively concrete illustration of the category. 
A) the standard used in a particular category can vary from one occasion to the next. 
B) one categorizes objects by comparing them to a mentally represented standard. 
C) categorization depends on a judgment of resemblance. 
D) categories are represented in the mind by a single relatively concrete illustration of the category.

Question 20

A lemon that has been painted red,white,and blue and then run over by a car is still likely to be categorized as a lemon.Which of the following is NOT relevant to why this might be?

Accepted Answer

A) If it grew on a lemon tree,it will be considered a lemon. 
B) The essential properties for being a lemon are still there. 
C) Cause-and-effect relationships influence how we think about what an object is and how it is categorized. 
D) Superficial things like color do not play a role in categorization. 
A) If it grew on a lemon tree,it will be considered a lemon. 
B) The essential properties for being a lemon are still there. 
C) Cause-and-effect relationships influence how we think about what an object is and how it is categorized. 
D) Superficial things like color do not play a role in categorization.

Which of the following is NOT a proposition?

Categorization is plainly influenced by resemblance,but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance.Which of the following is evidence for the importance of these other factors?

Categorization models based on family resemblance rely on

Informal,explanatory "theories" seem to play an important role in our conceptual knowledge.Which of the following statements about the theories involved in conceptual knowledge is FALSE?

Which of the following benefits does a hierarchical network provide?

Participants know that penguins are not typical birds,but they are certain that penguins are birds.This indicates that judgments about category membership

Exemplar and prototype theories are similar in the following ways EXCEPT that

The term "basic-level category" refers to the

In one procedure,participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number,4 or 18.The participants

What do evidence from fMRI studies and research on patients with brain damage tell us about the nature of categorization in the mind and brain?

Assuming a parallel distributed processing (PDP)framework,describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

One way to differentiate between concepts like "Sam has a dog" and "Sam is a dog" is to store information

When we say,"There is a family resemblance among all the members of the Martinez family," we mean that

Compare and contrast the prototype and exemplar theories of categorization.How do they differ? How are they similar? Does the evidence favor one over the other?

Explanatory theories about our conceptual knowledge differ from prototype theory in that the explanatory theories emphasize

The fMRI evidence suggests that the brain areas that are activated when someone is thinking about inanimate objects will

Are basic-level categories the same as prototypes? Why or why not?

Describe the procedures of the sentence verification task and the production task.Would you expect to see any relationships between the results of these two tasks? Why or why not?

An important difference between categorization via exemplars and categorization via prototypes is that according to exemplar theory

A lemon that has been painted red,white,and blue and then run over by a car is still likely to be categorized as a lemon.Which of the following is NOT relevant to why this might be?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 9: Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Which of the following is NOT a proposition?

Categorization is plainly influenced by resemblance,but it is also influenced by factors other than resemblance.Which of the following is evidence for the importance of these other factors?

Categorization models based on family resemblance rely on

Informal,explanatory "theories" seem to play an important role in our conceptual knowledge.Which of the following statements about the theories involved in conceptual knowledge is FALSE?

Which of the following benefits does a hierarchical network provide?

Participants know that penguins are not typical birds,but they are certain that penguins are birds.This indicates that judgments about category membership

Exemplar and prototype theories are similar in the following ways EXCEPT that

The term "basic-level category" refers to the

In one procedure,participants were asked to judge which was a "better" even number,4 or 18.The participants

What do evidence from fMRI studies and research on patients with brain damage tell us about the nature of categorization in the mind and brain?

Assuming a parallel distributed processing (PDP)framework,describe the process by which the concept "Mike Tyson is a boxer" would be updated to "Mike Tyson is an actor."

One way to differentiate between concepts like "Sam has a dog" and "Sam is a dog" is to store information

When we say,"There is a family resemblance among all the members of the Martinez family," we mean that

Compare and contrast the prototype and exemplar theories of categorization.How do they differ? How are they similar? Does the evidence favor one over the other?

Explanatory theories about our conceptual knowledge differ from prototype theory in that the explanatory theories emphasize

The fMRI evidence suggests that the brain areas that are activated when someone is thinking about inanimate objects will

Are basic-level categories the same as prototypes? Why or why not?

Describe the procedures of the sentence verification task and the production task.Would you expect to see any relationships between the results of these two tasks? Why or why not?

An important difference between categorization via exemplars and categorization via prototypes is that according to exemplar theory

A lemon that has been painted red,white,and blue and then run over by a car is still likely to be categorized as a lemon.Which of the following is NOT relevant to why this might be?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters