Question 1

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Foramen ovale

Accepted Answer

A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting 
A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting

Question 2

What are characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes an intermittent murmur. 
B)  It may be asymptomatic. 
C)  It should be surgically repaired in the first year of life. 
D)  It is part of a triad of congenital defects. 
A)  It causes an intermittent murmur. 
B)  It may be asymptomatic. 
C)  It should be surgically repaired in the first year of life. 
D)  It is part of a triad of congenital defects.

Question 3

Conditions in which a patent foramen ovale may continue past the first month of life include pulmonary hypertension,right ventricular failure,and tricuspid atresia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When does most cardiovascular development occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  By the twenty-eighth day of gestation 
B)  Between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation 
C)  Between the eighth and tenth weeks of gestation 
D)  Between the twelfth and fourteenth weeks of gestation 
A)  By the twenty-eighth day of gestation 
B)  Between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation 
C)  Between the eighth and tenth weeks of gestation 
D)  Between the twelfth and fourteenth weeks of gestation

Question 5

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection click at the upper left sternal border with a thrill palpated at the upper left sternal border?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coarctation of the aorta 
B)  Pulmonic stenosis 
C)  Aortic stenosis 
D)  Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 
A)  Coarctation of the aorta 
B)  Pulmonic stenosis 
C)  Aortic stenosis 
D)  Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 6

Classic manifestations of epistaxis,cyanosis of the lower extremities,and decreased or absent femoral pulse are indicative of which congenital defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Ventricular septum defect 
D)  Postductal aortic coarctation 
A)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Ventricular septum defect 
D)  Postductal aortic coarctation

Question 7

Common clinical manifestations of right ventricular failure in children include failure to thrive and periorbital edema.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Elevation of which laboratory test suggests an onset of essential hypertension in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum uric acid 
B)  Serum sodium 
C)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
D)  Protein in the urine 
A)  Serum uric acid 
B)  Serum sodium 
C)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
D)  Protein in the urine

Question 9

In some cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return,pulmonary veins drain into the vena cava.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Ostium primum

Accepted Answer

A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting 
A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting

Question 11

Which heart defect results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles providing blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coarctation of the aorta 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Total anomalous pulmonary connection 
D)  Truncus arteriosus 
A)  Coarctation of the aorta 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Total anomalous pulmonary connection 
D)  Truncus arteriosus

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Septum secundum

Accepted Answer

A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting 
A) Causes atrial separation 
B) Gap between the septum primum and the septum secundum 
C) Conal portion of the ventricular septum 
D) Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery 
E) Allows right-to-left shunting

Question 13

Congenital heart defects that cause hypoxemia,and therefore cyanosis,usually involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  right-to-left shunts. 
B)  left-to-right shunts. 
C)  obstructive lesions. 
D)  mixed lesions. 
A)  right-to-left shunts. 
B)  left-to-right shunts. 
C)  obstructive lesions. 
D)  mixed lesions.

Question 14

What is the function of a patent opening between the left and right atria in a fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows right-to-left shunt. 
B)  It allows left-to-right shunt 
C)  It allows blood to flow from the umbilical cord. 
D)  It allows blood to flow to the lungs for oxygenation. 
A)  It allows right-to-left shunt. 
B)  It allows left-to-right shunt 
C)  It allows blood to flow from the umbilical cord. 
D)  It allows blood to flow to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 15

An infant has a continuous-machine type of murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole.The infant has a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial septal defect (AS
D)  
B)  Ventricular septal defect (VS
D)  
C)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A)  
D)  Atrioventricular canal defect (AV
C)  
A)  Atrial septal defect (AS
D)  
B)  Ventricular septal defect (VS
D)  
C)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A)  
D)  Atrioventricular canal defect (AV
C)

Question 16

In general,the pathophysiologic mechanisms of congestive heart failure are very different in children than in adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?

Accepted Answer

A)  One month before birth 
B)  During the beginning stage of labor 
C)  One hour after birth 
D)  Once the placenta is removed from circulation 
A)  One month before birth 
B)  During the beginning stage of labor 
C)  One hour after birth 
D)  Once the placenta is removed from circulation

Question 18

Iron deficiency anemia may result from polycythemia that develops from chronic hypoxia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.There is also a wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial septal defect (AS
D)  
B)  Ventricular septal defect (VS
D)  
C)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A) . 
D)  Atrioventricular canal defect (AV
C)  
A)  Atrial septal defect (AS
D)  
B)  Ventricular septal defect (VS
D)  
C)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A) . 
D)  Atrioventricular canal defect (AV
C)

Question 20

Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13,trisomy 18,and Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus 
C)  Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia 
D)  Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus 
A)  Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus 
C)  Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia 
D)  Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus

Exam 30: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Foramen ovale

What are characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus?

Conditions in which a patent foramen ovale may continue past the first month of life include pulmonary hypertension,right ventricular failure,and tricuspid atresia.

When does most cardiovascular development occur?

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection click at the upper left sternal border with a thrill palpated at the upper left sternal border?

Classic manifestations of epistaxis,cyanosis of the lower extremities,and decreased or absent femoral pulse are indicative of which congenital defect?

Common clinical manifestations of right ventricular failure in children include failure to thrive and periorbital edema.

Elevation of which laboratory test suggests an onset of essential hypertension in children?

In some cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return,pulmonary veins drain into the vena cava.

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Ostium primum

Which heart defect results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles providing blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Septum secundum

Congenital heart defects that cause hypoxemia,and therefore cyanosis,usually involve:

What is the function of a patent opening between the left and right atria in a fetus?

An infant has a continuous-machine type of murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole.The infant has a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

In general,the pathophysiologic mechanisms of congestive heart failure are very different in children than in adults.

When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?

Iron deficiency anemia may result from polycythemia that develops from chronic hypoxia.

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.There is also a wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13,trisomy 18,and Down syndrome?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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