Question 1

Which clinical manifestations are produced by damage to the frontal lobes and frontolimbic tracts that impair the normal influence of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritability,impulsiveness,mood swings,and loss of control 
B)  Deficits in attention and coherence of thought with inability to concentrate 
C)  Loss of motor movement and coordination on the side opposite the damage 
D)  Change in level of consciousness,breathing patterns,and pupillary reaction 
A)  Irritability,impulsiveness,mood swings,and loss of control 
B)  Deficits in attention and coherence of thought with inability to concentrate 
C)  Loss of motor movement and coordination on the side opposite the damage 
D)  Change in level of consciousness,breathing patterns,and pupillary reaction A

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Decrease in voluntary movement

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area E

Question 3

Alterations in emotions or emotional control arise from dysfunction of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  limbic system. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  occipital lobe. 
D)  medulla oblongata. 
E)  pons. 
A)  limbic system. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  occipital lobe. 
D)  medulla oblongata. 
E)  pons. A

Question 4

Criteria for brainstem death is the same for children as for adults,but the with a longer observation period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The reticular activating system provides arousal to the cerebral hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  ventricles. 
B)  brain tissue. 
C)  central nervous system neurons. 
D)  meninges. 
A)  ventricles. 
B)  brain tissue. 
C)  central nervous system neurons. 
D)  meninges.

Question 7

The general pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cognitive network deficits are compression and ischemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During a generalized seizure,the clonic phase begins as inhibitory neurons in the cortex,anterior thalamus,and basal ganglia to reduce the cortical excitation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Upper motor neuron paralysis affects the pyramidal motor neurons by creating flaccid paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness or functional outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glasgow Coma Scale 
B)  Glasgow Outcome Score 
C)  Etiology of injury and time since onset of coma 
D)  Pupillary reaction and reflective eye movements 
A)  Glasgow Coma Scale 
B)  Glasgow Outcome Score 
C)  Etiology of injury and time since onset of coma 
D)  Pupillary reaction and reflective eye movements

Question 11

Which edema is most often seen with noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Vasogenic 
D)  Ischemic 
A)  Metabolic 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Vasogenic 
D)  Ischemic

Question 12

The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

Accepted Answer

A)  computed tomography (CT)scan. 
B)  cerebrospinal fluid analysis. 
C)  skull x-ray films. 
D)  health history. 
A)  computed tomography (CT)scan. 
B)  cerebrospinal fluid analysis. 
C)  skull x-ray films. 
D)  health history.

Question 13

Antipsychotic drugs cause tardive dyskinesia by mimicking the effects of increased:

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) . 
C)  norepinephrine (N
E) . 
D)  acetylcholine. 
A)  dopamine. 
B)  gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) . 
C)  norepinephrine (N
E) . 
D)  acetylcholine.

Question 14

Tactile agnosia is related to injury of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  frontotemporal lobe. 
B)  parietal lobe. 
C)  temporal lobe. 
D)  Broca area. 
A)  frontotemporal lobe. 
B)  parietal lobe. 
C)  temporal lobe. 
D)  Broca area.

Question 15

What type of cerebral edema occurs when there is increased permeability of capillary endothelium after injury to the vascular structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Vasogenic 
D)  Ischemic 
A)  Cytotoxic 
B)  Interstitial 
C)  Vasogenic 
D)  Ischemic

Question 16

What are characteristics of receptive dysphasia (fluent)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clients are able to respond in writing,but not in speech. 
B)  Clients are able to speak back,but not comprehend speech. 
C)  Clients are able to comprehend speech,but not respond verbally. 
D)  Clients are able to respond verbally,but not comprehend speech. 
A)  Clients are able to respond in writing,but not in speech. 
B)  Clients are able to speak back,but not comprehend speech. 
C)  Clients are able to comprehend speech,but not respond verbally. 
D)  Clients are able to respond verbally,but not comprehend speech.

Question 17

Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  pons 
B)  medulla oblongata 
C)  reticular activating system 
D)  cingulate gyrus 
A)  pons 
B)  medulla oblongata 
C)  reticular activating system 
D)  cingulate gyrus

Question 18

What are clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle tremor;slow,rigid movements;and postural abnormalities 
B)  Muscle weakness,difficulty chewing,and drooping eye lids 
C)  Decreased memory,depression,and indifference 
D)  Paralysis and absent sensation below the level of the lesion 
A)  Muscle tremor;slow,rigid movements;and postural abnormalities 
B)  Muscle weakness,difficulty chewing,and drooping eye lids 
C)  Decreased memory,depression,and indifference 
D)  Paralysis and absent sensation below the level of the lesion

Question 19

A patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with a severe closed head injury.He develops regular,deep,and rapid respirations.This is indicative of what level of neurologic injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Midbrain and upper pons 
B)  Pontine 
C)  Supratentorial 
D)  Cerebral 
A)  Midbrain and upper pons 
B)  Pontine 
C)  Supratentorial 
D)  Cerebral

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Abnormal involuntary movement

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area

Exam 16: Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Which clinical manifestations are produced by damage to the frontal lobes and frontolimbic tracts that impair the normal influence of the limbic system?

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Decrease in voluntary movement

Alterations in emotions or emotional control arise from dysfunction of the:

Criteria for brainstem death is the same for children as for adults,but the with a longer observation period.

The reticular activating system provides arousal to the cerebral hemispheres.

Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the:

The general pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cognitive network deficits are compression and ischemia.

During a generalized seizure,the clonic phase begins as inhibitory neurons in the cortex,anterior thalamus,and basal ganglia to reduce the cortical excitation.

Upper motor neuron paralysis affects the pyramidal motor neurons by creating flaccid paralysis.

What is the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness or functional outcome?

Which edema is most often seen with noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

Antipsychotic drugs cause tardive dyskinesia by mimicking the effects of increased:

Tactile agnosia is related to injury of the:

What type of cerebral edema occurs when there is increased permeability of capillary endothelium after injury to the vascular structure?

What are characteristics of receptive dysphasia (fluent)?

Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.

What are clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease?

A patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with a severe closed head injury.He develops regular,deep,and rapid respirations.This is indicative of what level of neurologic injury?

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Abnormal involuntary movement

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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