Question 1

The most common cause of anemia from insufficient erythropoiesis in children is:

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid deficiency. 
B)  iron deficiency. 
C)  hemoglobin abnormality. 
D)  erythrocyte abnormality. 
A)  folic acid deficiency. 
B)  iron deficiency. 
C)  hemoglobin abnormality. 
D)  erythrocyte abnormality. B

Question 2

Hyperdiploidy is associated with a poor prognosis in leukemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

How is erythroblastosis fetalis defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  An allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible 
B)  An alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible 
C)  An autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells are released into the bloodstream 
D)  An autosomal dominant hereditary disease 
A)  An allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible 
B)  An alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible 
C)  An autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells are released into the bloodstream 
D)  An autosomal dominant hereditary disease B

Question 4

Using the prepregnancy sickle test,fertilization produces several embryos that are tested for the sickle gene.An embryo without the gene is implanted in the mother and amniocentesis confirms whether the fetus has the sickle cell gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kernicterus 
B)  Icterus neonatorum 
C)  Jaundice 
D)  Icterus gravis neonatorum 
A)  Kernicterus 
B)  Icterus neonatorum 
C)  Jaundice 
D)  Icterus gravis neonatorum

Question 6

Between 4 years of age and the onset of puberty,dietary iron deficiency is common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The  
- and ß-thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant 
A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  autosomal dominant 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant

Question 8

There is a ___% chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with sickle trait will have sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  25 
C)  33 
D)  50 
A)  20 
B)  25 
C)  33 
D)  50

Question 9

Match the type of hemophilia with its characteristics.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Caused by clotting factor IX deficiency and is an X-linked recessive trait

Accepted Answer

A) Hemophilia A 
B) Hemophilia B 
C) Hemophilia C 
D) von Willebrand disease 
A) Hemophilia A 
B) Hemophilia B 
C) Hemophilia C 
D) von Willebrand disease

Question 10

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils. 
B)  eosinophils. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  basophils. 
A)  neutrophils. 
B)  eosinophils. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  basophils.

Question 11

During hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth,but not in utero?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible 
B)  Because hemoglobin does not breakdown into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment 
C)  Because the liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form 
D)  Because the destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth 
A)  Because excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible 
B)  Because hemoglobin does not breakdown into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment 
C)  Because the liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form 
D)  Because the destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the sickle cell crises with its description.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Blood flow is impaired by tangled masses of rigid,sickled cells

Accepted Answer

A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 13

How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration cause the erythrocytes to change shapes,which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B)  HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes,which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C)  HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D)  HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus' immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes,which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
A)  HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration cause the erythrocytes to change shapes,which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B)  HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes,which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C)  HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D)  HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus' immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes,which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation.

Question 14

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are characteristics of ß-thalassemia major?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a heterozygous form of thalassemiA. 
B)  Its defect is the uncoupling of- and ß-chain synthesis. 
C)  It is a fatal condition in which all four ß-forming genes are defective. 
D)  It develops hemoglobin H when three genes are defective. 
A)  It is a heterozygous form of thalassemiA. 
B)  Its defect is the uncoupling of- and ß-chain synthesis. 
C)  It is a fatal condition in which all four ß-forming genes are defective. 
D)  It develops hemoglobin H when three genes are defective.

Question 16

How is sickle cell trait different from sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child with sickle cell trait inherited normal hemoglobin A from one parent and hemoglobin S (Hb S)from the other parent,whereas the child with sickle cell disease has HbS from both parents. 
B)  The child with sickle cell trait has a mild form of sickle cell disease that causes sickling during fever and infection,but not during acidosis or hypoxia,whereas the child with sickle cells disease develops sickling during each of these conditions. 
C)  The child with sickle cell trait has a milder form of the disease that is characterized by vaso-occlusive crises and believed to result from higher hemoglobin values and viscosity. 
D)  The child with sickle cell trait has the mildest form of the disease with normal hemoglobin and hemoglobin F,which prevents sickling. 
A)  The child with sickle cell trait inherited normal hemoglobin A from one parent and hemoglobin S (Hb S)from the other parent,whereas the child with sickle cell disease has HbS from both parents. 
B)  The child with sickle cell trait has a mild form of sickle cell disease that causes sickling during fever and infection,but not during acidosis or hypoxia,whereas the child with sickle cells disease develops sickling during each of these conditions. 
C)  The child with sickle cell trait has a milder form of the disease that is characterized by vaso-occlusive crises and believed to result from higher hemoglobin values and viscosity. 
D)  The child with sickle cell trait has the mildest form of the disease with normal hemoglobin and hemoglobin F,which prevents sickling.

Question 17

Why does polycythemia occur in a fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen due to 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DP) 
B)  Because the fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two- and two-chains rather than two- and two ß-chains 
C)  Because there is increased erythropoiesis in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment 
D)  Because the lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to adequately diffuse oxygen to the pulmonary capillaries 
A)  Because fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen due to 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DP) 
B)  Because the fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two- and two-chains rather than two- and two ß-chains 
C)  Because there is increased erythropoiesis in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment 
D)  Because the lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to adequately diffuse oxygen to the pulmonary capillaries

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the sickle cell crises with its description.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Occurs in association with certain drugs or infection

Accepted Answer

A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 19

Which blood cells are elevated at birth,but decrease to adult levels the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Platelets 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Lymphocytes 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Platelets 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Lymphocytes

Question 20

Hemoglobin in a fetus has less affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin in an adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 27: Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

The most common cause of anemia from insufficient erythropoiesis in children is:

Hyperdiploidy is associated with a poor prognosis in leukemia.

How is erythroblastosis fetalis defined?

Using the prepregnancy sickle test,fertilization produces several embryos that are tested for the sickle gene.An embryo without the gene is implanted in the mother and amniocentesis confirms whether the fetus has the sickle cell gene.

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Between 4 years of age and the onset of puberty,dietary iron deficiency is common.

The - and ß-thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion.

There is a ___% chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with sickle trait will have sickle cell disease?

Match the type of hemophilia with its characteristics.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Caused by clotting factor IX deficiency and is an X-linked recessive trait

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against:

During hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN),why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth,but not in utero?

MATCHING Match the sickle cell crises with its description.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Blood flow is impaired by tangled masses of rigid,sickled cells

How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.

What are characteristics of ß-thalassemia major?

How is sickle cell trait different from sickle cell disease?

Why does polycythemia occur in a fetus?

MATCHING Match the sickle cell crises with its description.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Occurs in association with certain drugs or infection

Which blood cells are elevated at birth,but decrease to adult levels the first year of life?

Hemoglobin in a fetus has less affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin in an adult.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters