Question 1

Which endogenous substance causes bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine and acetylcholine 
B)  Histamine and prostaglandin 
C)  Bradykinin and thromboxane A 
D)  Leukotrienes and prostacyclin 
A)  Epinephrine and acetylcholine 
B)  Histamine and prostaglandin 
C)  Bradykinin and thromboxane A 
D)  Leukotrienes and prostacyclin B

Question 2

What permits air to pass between alveoli providing collateral ventilation and even distribution among alveoli?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Pores of Kohn 
C)  Acinus pores 
D)  Alveolar pores 
A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Pores of Kohn 
C)  Acinus pores 
D)  Alveolar pores B

Question 3

Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorsal respiratory group 
B)  Ventral respiratory group 
C)  Pneumotaxic center 
D)  Apneustic center 
A)  Dorsal respiratory group 
B)  Ventral respiratory group 
C)  Pneumotaxic center 
D)  Apneustic center A

Question 4

There are no lymphatic vessels associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheA. 
B)  bronchi 
C)  acinus. 
D)  terminal bronchioles. 
A)  tracheA. 
B)  bronchi 
C)  acinus. 
D)  terminal bronchioles.

Question 5

Normal physiologic changes in the aging pulmonary system include:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased flow resistance. 
B)  fewer alveoli. 
C)  stiffening of the chest wall. 
D)  improved elastic recoil. 
A)  decreased flow resistance. 
B)  fewer alveoli. 
C)  stiffening of the chest wall. 
D)  improved elastic recoil.

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. )
-Monitors pH,PaCO2,and PaO2 in blood

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor

Question 7

What change in the alveoli would cause an increase in alveolar surface tension,alveolar collapse,decreased lung expansion and increased work of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased alveolar macrophage production 
B)  Increased compliance 
C)  Decreased surfactant production 
D)  Increased stimulation by peripheral chemoreceptors 
A)  Decreased alveolar macrophage production 
B)  Increased compliance 
C)  Decreased surfactant production 
D)  Increased stimulation by peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 8

The peripheral chemoreceptors are not as sensitive as the central chemoreceptors.The PaO2 must drop below 80 mm Hg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The trachea bifurcates into two bronchi at the carina.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Ventilation exceeds perfusion in the bases of the lungs and perfusion exceeds ventilation in the apices of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar gas pressure exceeds arterial perfusion pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are equal. 
A)  Alveolar gas pressure exceeds arterial perfusion pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are equal.

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. )
-Initiates cough reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor

Question 13

If a patient hypoventilates and retains too much carbon dioxide,which of the following receptors would be stimulated in an attempt by his body to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Central chemoreceptors 
C)  Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  Stretch receptors 
A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Central chemoreceptors 
C)  Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  Stretch receptors

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. )
-Herring Breuer expiratory reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor

Question 15

The movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  perfusion. 
B)  ventilation. 
C)  respiration. 
D)  diffusion. 
A)  perfusion. 
B)  ventilation. 
C)  respiration. 
D)  diffusion.

Question 16

_____ secrete surfactant,a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Type II alveolar cells 
C)  Alveolar macrophages 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Type II alveolar cells 
C)  Alveolar macrophages 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

Which pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket and entraps particles toward the oropharynx where they are swallowed or expectorated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal hairs and turbinates 
B)  Alveolar macrophages 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Irritant receptors on nares 
A)  Nasal hairs and turbinates 
B)  Alveolar macrophages 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Irritant receptors on nares

Question 18

Why is aspiration of food or drink more likely to occur in one area of the lung rather than another?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it extends more vertically from the tracheA. 
B)  The left main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it is larger and shorter. 
C)  The trachea receives more aspirate because it comes in contact with the food and drink first. 
D)  The carina receives more aspirate because the location of where the bronchi split into right and left. 
A)  The right main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it extends more vertically from the tracheA. 
B)  The left main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it is larger and shorter. 
C)  The trachea receives more aspirate because it comes in contact with the food and drink first. 
D)  The carina receives more aspirate because the location of where the bronchi split into right and left.

Question 19

The lungs contain only superficial lymphatic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Veins of the pulmonary circulation are similar to the veins of the systemic circulation,but contain no one-way valves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Which endogenous substance causes bronchoconstriction?

What permits air to pass between alveoli providing collateral ventilation and even distribution among alveoli?

Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

There are no lymphatic vessels associated with:

Normal physiologic changes in the aging pulmonary system include:

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Monitors pH,PaCO2,and PaO2 in blood

What change in the alveoli would cause an increase in alveolar surface tension,alveolar collapse,decreased lung expansion and increased work of breathing?

The peripheral chemoreceptors are not as sensitive as the central chemoreceptors.The PaO2 must drop below 80 mm Hg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.

The trachea bifurcates into two bronchi at the carina.

Ventilation exceeds perfusion in the bases of the lungs and perfusion exceeds ventilation in the apices of the lungs.

What is the relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs?

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Initiates cough reflex

If a patient hypoventilates and retains too much carbon dioxide,which of the following receptors would be stimulated in an attempt by his body to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Herring Breuer expiratory reflex

The movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs is called:

_____ secrete surfactant,a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveoli.

Which pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket and entraps particles toward the oropharynx where they are swallowed or expectorated?

Why is aspiration of food or drink more likely to occur in one area of the lung rather than another?

The lungs contain only superficial lymphatic capillaries.

Veins of the pulmonary circulation are similar to the veins of the systemic circulation,but contain no one-way valves.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Monitors pH,PaCO₂,and PaO₂ in blood

The peripheral chemoreceptors are not as sensitive as the central chemoreceptors.The PaO₂ must drop below 80 mm Hg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.