Question 1

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow,glomerular filtration,and renin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macula densa 
B)  Visceral epithelium 
C)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  Filtration slits 
A)  Macula densa 
B)  Visceral epithelium 
C)  Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  Filtration slits C

Question 2

There is a direct relationship between renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which tubule is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubules 
B)  Distal tubules 
C)  Ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Descending loop of Henle 
A)  Proximal tubules 
B)  Distal tubules 
C)  Ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Descending loop of Henle A

Question 4

What do atrial natriuretic (NAP)and urodilantin have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both inhibit sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B)  Both inhibit antidiuretic hormone (ADH)to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C)  Both are stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D)  Both are stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. 
A)  Both inhibit sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B)  Both inhibit antidiuretic hormone (ADH)to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C)  Both are stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D)  Both are stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume.

Question 5

Peristalsis of ureters is maintained even when the ureter is denervated,so ureters can be transplanted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The kidney has endocrine functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the end product of protein metabolism excreted in urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Ketones 
C)  Bile 
D)  Urea 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Ketones 
C)  Bile 
D)  Urea

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Creatinine clearance

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 9

The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries at the cortical medullary junction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Leukocytes

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 11

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral nerves 
B)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
C)  Sympathetic nervous system 
A)  Peripheral nerves 
B)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
C)  Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Which cells have contractile and phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and produce vasoactive substances that influence the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Principle cells 
B)  Podocin cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Intercalated cells 
A)  Principle cells 
B)  Podocin cells 
C)  Mesangial cells 
D)  Intercalated cells

Question 13

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is the secretion of sodium chloride.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce Vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Thyroid hormone 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Parathyroid hormone 
A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Thyroid hormone 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Parathyroid hormone

Question 15

While afferent and efferent arterioles are richly innervated,nerves have not been observed in the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  vagus nerve. 
B)  sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  somatic nervous system. 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
A)  vagus nerve. 
B)  sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  somatic nervous system. 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 17

Kidneys hypertrophy throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is an indication that the carrier molecule for glucose is saturated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperglycemia 
B)  Glucosuria 
C)  Polyuria 
D)  Proteinuria 
A)  Hyperglycemia 
B)  Glucosuria 
C)  Polyuria 
D)  Proteinuria

Question 19

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

Question 20

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  nephron 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  pyramid 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  nephron 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  pyramid

Exam 33: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow,glomerular filtration,and renin secretion?

There is a direct relationship between renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Which tubule is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area?

What do atrial natriuretic (NAP)and urodilantin have in common?

Peristalsis of ureters is maintained even when the ureter is denervated,so ureters can be transplanted.

The kidney has endocrine functions.

What is the end product of protein metabolism excreted in urine?

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Creatinine clearance

The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries at the cortical medullary junction.

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Leukocytes

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Which cells have contractile and phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and produce vasoactive substances that influence the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is the secretion of sodium chloride.

What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce Vitamin D?

While afferent and efferent arterioles are richly innervated,nerves have not been observed in the glomerular capillaries.

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

Kidneys hypertrophy throughout life.

What is an indication that the carrier molecule for glucose is saturated?

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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