Question 1

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Bainbridge reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow,pressure,and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure,internal radius,and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment,movement,and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow,pressure,and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure,internal radius,and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment,movement,and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle B

Question 2

Which natriuretic peptide is proposed to be a biochemical marker to screen for left ventricular dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) 
A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) B

Question 3

The coronary sinus empties into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  aorta. 
A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  aorta. A

Question 4

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures results in which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral regurgitation 
B)  Mitral stenosis 
C)  Pulmonary edema 
D)  Jugular vein distention 
A)  Mitral regurgitation 
B)  Mitral stenosis 
C)  Pulmonary edema 
D)  Jugular vein distention

Question 5

Which natriuretic peptide inhibits antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine sodium loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) 
A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)

Question 6

Which natriuretic peptide complements nitric oxide to mediate vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) 
A)  Urodilatin 
B)  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D)  C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)

Question 7

Although the heart is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system,neural impulses are not needed to maintain the cardiac cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Phase 0 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization correlates with which part of the electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Accepted Answer

A)  QRS complex 
B)  P-R interval 
C)  Q-T interval 
D)  U wave 
A)  QRS complex 
B)  P-R interval 
C)  Q-T interval 
D)  U wave

Question 9

Occlusion of the circumflex artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which part of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  To portions of the left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  To the posterior interventricular sulcus and smaller branches of both ventricles 
C)  To the upper right ventricle,right marginal branch,and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  To the left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
A)  To portions of the left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  To the posterior interventricular sulcus and smaller branches of both ventricles 
C)  To the upper right ventricle,right marginal branch,and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  To the left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle

Question 10

What,if any,is the effect of epinephrine on b2-receptors of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  None,b1-receptors are the only b-receptors in the heart. 
B)  Dilate coronary arterioles 
C)  Increase the strength of myocardial contraction 
D)  Increase the heart rate 
A)  None,b1-receptors are the only b-receptors in the heart. 
B)  Dilate coronary arterioles 
C)  Increase the strength of myocardial contraction 
D)  Increase the heart rate

Question 11

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  superior vena cavA. 
B)  pulmonary veins. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  coronary veins. 
A)  superior vena cavA. 
B)  pulmonary veins. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  coronary veins.

Question 12

Where is the major cardiovascular center in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frontal lobe 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Brain stem 
D)  Hypothalamus 
A)  Frontal lobe 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Brain stem 
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 13

What is the major determinant of the resistance blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of blood in systemic circulation 
B)  The muscle layer of arteries 
C)  The muscle layer of arterioles 
D)  The force of ventricular contraction 
E)  The muscle layer of the metarterioles 
A)  The volume of blood in systemic circulation 
B)  The muscle layer of arteries 
C)  The muscle layer of arterioles 
D)  The force of ventricular contraction 
E)  The muscle layer of the metarterioles

Question 14

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  atriA. 
B)  aorta. 
C)  atrioventricular node. 
D)  ventricles. 
A)  atriA. 
B)  aorta. 
C)  atrioventricular node. 
D)  ventricles.

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the intracardiac pressures with their description.
-Reflects rapid flow of blood from the great veins and right atrium into the right ventricle

Accepted Answer

A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent 
A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent

Question 16

To produce an action potential,the sinoatrial node must be stimulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in the _____ before the left ventricle can eject blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  superior vena cava 
B)  coronary sinus 
C)  inferior vena cava 
D)  pulmonary veins 
E)  aorta 
A)  superior vena cava 
B)  coronary sinus 
C)  inferior vena cava 
D)  pulmonary veins 
E)  aorta

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the intracardiac pressures with their description.
-May represent bulging of the mitral valve into the left atrium during early systole

Accepted Answer

A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent 
A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent

Question 19

Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right and left atria because they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. 
B)  The right and left atria because they are not involved directly in the preload,contractility,or afterload of the heart. 
C)  The left ventricle because the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung,which has a low pressure. 
D)  The right ventricle because it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries,which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation. 
A)  The right and left atria because they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. 
B)  The right and left atria because they are not involved directly in the preload,contractility,or afterload of the heart. 
C)  The left ventricle because the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung,which has a low pressure. 
D)  The right ventricle because it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries,which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.

Question 20

Which chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle

Exam 28: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Bainbridge reflex

Which natriuretic peptide is proposed to be a biochemical marker to screen for left ventricular dysfunction?

The coronary sinus empties into the:

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures results in which disorder?

Which natriuretic peptide inhibits antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine sodium loss?

Which natriuretic peptide complements nitric oxide to mediate vasodilation?

Although the heart is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system,neural impulses are not needed to maintain the cardiac cycle.

Phase 0 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization correlates with which part of the electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Occlusion of the circumflex artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which part of the heart?

What,if any,is the effect of epinephrine on b2-receptors of the heart?

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

Where is the major cardiovascular center in the central nervous system?

What is the major determinant of the resistance blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in the:

MATCHING Match the intracardiac pressures with their description. -Reflects rapid flow of blood from the great veins and right atrium into the right ventricle

To produce an action potential,the sinoatrial node must be stimulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in the _____ before the left ventricle can eject blood.

MATCHING Match the intracardiac pressures with their description. -May represent bulging of the mitral valve into the left atrium during early systole

Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?

Which chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressures?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

What,if any,is the effect of epinephrine on b₂-receptors of the heart?