Question 1

What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysosomal enzymes 
B)  Endotoxins from the streptococcus 
C)  Immune complexes 
D)  Immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) mediated response 
A)  Lysosomal enzymes 
B)  Endotoxins from the streptococcus 
C)  Immune complexes 
D)  Immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) mediated response

Question 2

Urine formation and excretion begin at:

Accepted Answer

A)  birth. 
B)  the third month of gestation. 
C)  the sixth month of gestation. 
D)  the ninth month of gestation. 
A)  birth. 
B)  the third month of gestation. 
C)  the sixth month of gestation. 
D)  the ninth month of gestation.

Question 3

In immunoglobulin A (IgA)nephropathy (Berger nephropathy),where are the IgA,IgM and complement proteins deposited?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the glomerular endothelium 
C)  In the mesangium of the glomerular capillaries 
D)  In the parietal epithelium 
A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the glomerular endothelium 
C)  In the mesangium of the glomerular capillaries 
D)  In the parietal epithelium

Question 4

Approximately one third of individuals with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome frequently causes acute renal failure in young children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periorbital edema 
B)  Scrotal or labial edema 
C)  Frothy urine 
D)  Ascites 
A)  Periorbital edema 
B)  Scrotal or labial edema 
C)  Frothy urine 
D)  Ascites

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-Fibrin rich thrombi can be found throughout the microcirculation

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Question 8

The number of nephrons in the kidneys increases from birth until puberty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The total electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids is greater in the newborn than in the adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the mechanism for development of Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves tumor-suppressor genes. 
B)  It is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. 
C)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  It is a congenital anomaly. 
A)  It involves tumor-suppressor genes. 
B)  It is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. 
C)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  It is a congenital anomaly.

Question 11

On examination of a male child,it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypospadias. 
B)  epispadias. 
C)  hyperspadias. 
D)  chordee. 
A)  hypospadias. 
B)  epispadias. 
C)  hyperspadias. 
D)  chordee.

Question 12

What causes the smoky,brown-colored urine in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of red blood cells 
B)  The presence of urobilinogen 
C)  The slough from the collecting tubules 
D)  The protein that is in the urine 
A)  The presence of red blood cells 
B)  The presence of urobilinogen 
C)  The slough from the collecting tubules 
D)  The protein that is in the urine

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-IgA nephropathy causing inflammation to glomerular blood vessels

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Question 14

Which of the following is not considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Pyuria 
C)  Hyperlipidemia 
D)  Edema 
A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Pyuria 
C)  Hyperlipidemia 
D)  Edema

Question 15

Which of the following represents the final stage in the embryonic development of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metanephros 
B)  Mesonephros 
C)  Pronephros 
D)  Endonephros 
A)  Metanephros 
B)  Mesonephros 
C)  Pronephros 
D)  Endonephros

Exam 35: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

Urine formation and excretion begin at:

In immunoglobulin A (IgA)nephropathy (Berger nephropathy),where are the IgA,IgM and complement proteins deposited?

Approximately one third of individuals with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome frequently causes acute renal failure in young children.

What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

MATCHING Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -Fibrin rich thrombi can be found throughout the microcirculation

The number of nephrons in the kidneys increases from birth until puberty.

The total electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids is greater in the newborn than in the adult.

What is the mechanism for development of Wilms' tumor?

On examination of a male child,it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.This condition is called:

What causes the smoky,brown-colored urine in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

MATCHING Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -IgA nephropathy causing inflammation to glomerular blood vessels

Which of the following is not considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?

Which of the following represents the final stage in the embryonic development of the kidney?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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