Question 1

What are the clinical manifestations of viral pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mild to high fever,cough,rhinorrhea,crackles,rhonchi,and wheezes 
B)  High fever,productive cough,and pleuritic chest pain 
C)  Decreased breath sounds in areas of consolidation and dyspnea 
D)  Increased respiratory rate and respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Mild to high fever,cough,rhinorrhea,crackles,rhonchi,and wheezes 
B)  High fever,productive cough,and pleuritic chest pain 
C)  Decreased breath sounds in areas of consolidation and dyspnea 
D)  Increased respiratory rate and respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B)  CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C)  CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 
D)  Memory T-lymphocyte 
A)  CD4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B)  CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C)  CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 
D)  Memory T-lymphocyte

Question 3

Signs of acute respiratory failure remain the same regardless of etiology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Surfactant production is being produced by the fourth week of gestation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Children with chronic asthma have clubbing of fingers and toes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A)  low birth weight. 
B)  alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
C)  premature birth. 
D)  smoking during pregnancy. 
A)  low birth weight. 
B)  alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
C)  premature birth. 
D)  smoking during pregnancy.

Question 7

A child has rhinorrhea,sore throat,and a low-grade fever,which is followed by a seal-like barking cough.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which upper airway disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiglottis 
B)  Retropharyngeal abscess 
C)  Bacterial tracheitis 
D)  Croup 
A)  Epiglottis 
B)  Retropharyngeal abscess 
C)  Bacterial tracheitis 
D)  Croup

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Nasal problems,foreign body,polyps,or choanal atresia

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 9

Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by _____ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory syncytial virus 
B)  influenza virus 
C)  adenoviruses 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus 
A)  respiratory syncytial virus 
B)  influenza virus 
C)  adenoviruses 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus

Question 10

Asthma is one of the leading chronic illnesses in children and has become more prevalent in the past two decades.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following shows a correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pulmonary vascular resistance,atelectasis,hypoperfusion 
B)  Pulmonary hypoperfusion,hypoxic vasoconstriction,right-to-left shunt 
C)  Respiratory acidosis,hypoxemia,hypercapnia 
D)  Right-to-left shunt,hypoxic vasoconstriction,hypoperfusion 
A)  Increased pulmonary vascular resistance,atelectasis,hypoperfusion 
B)  Pulmonary hypoperfusion,hypoxic vasoconstriction,right-to-left shunt 
C)  Respiratory acidosis,hypoxemia,hypercapnia 
D)  Right-to-left shunt,hypoxic vasoconstriction,hypoperfusion

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Laryngeal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 13

What effect does the release of fibroblast growth factors have in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis and decreased lung compliance 
B)  Disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Pulmonary fibrosis 
A)  Atelectasis and decreased lung compliance 
B)  Disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 14

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)infects nearly 100% of children in the United States by 2 or 3 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)decreases for premature infants when they are born after _____ weeks of gestation.

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  20 
C)  24 
D)  30 
A)  16 
B)  20 
C)  24 
D)  30

Question 16

Which description is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that line the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 
A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that line the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency.

Question 17

Chest wall compliance in infants is __________ in adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower than 
B)  higher than 
C)  the same as 
D)  variable,unlike 
A)  lower than 
B)  higher than 
C)  the same as 
D)  variable,unlike

Question 18

Sudden infant death syndrome occurs most often between _____ and _____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  1;2 
B)  3;4 
C)  5;6 
D)  6;7 
A)  1;2 
B)  3;4 
C)  5;6 
D)  6;7

Question 19

Paradoxical breathing is an ominous sign in premature infants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Infants up to 3 months of age are obligatory mouth breathers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 47: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

What are the clinical manifestations of viral pneumonia in children?

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Signs of acute respiratory failure remain the same regardless of etiology.

Surfactant production is being produced by the fourth week of gestation.

Children with chronic asthma have clubbing of fingers and toes.

The chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn is:

A child has rhinorrhea,sore throat,and a low-grade fever,which is followed by a seal-like barking cough.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which upper airway disorder?

MATCHING Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Nasal problems,foreign body,polyps,or choanal atresia

Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by _____ infection.

Asthma is one of the leading chronic illnesses in children and has become more prevalent in the past two decades.

Which of the following shows a correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

MATCHING Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Laryngeal problems

What effect does the release of fibroblast growth factors have in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)infects nearly 100% of children in the United States by 2 or 3 years of age.

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)decreases for premature infants when they are born after _____ weeks of gestation.

Which description is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Chest wall compliance in infants is __________ in adults.

Sudden infant death syndrome occurs most often between _____ and _____ months of age.

Paradoxical breathing is an ominous sign in premature infants.

Infants up to 3 months of age are obligatory mouth breathers.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Filters

Sudden infant death syndrome occurs most often between _ and _ months of age.