Exam 15: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Following the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010,bioremediation was used to eliminate much of the oil from the contaminated water.To encourage the growth of oil-degrading microbes,"fertilizer" including iron and nitrogen was added to the water.Which of the following statements regarding the growth of these microbes is incorrect?

An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a(n)______.

What type of medium is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?

After binary fission,daughter cells will differ genetically.

An important mineral ion found in the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is ______.

The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane via a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called ______.

What is the difference between mutualism and synergism?

Many lakes in the United States are suffering from periodic algae blooms,which can be thought of as an infection of the lake.Although the algae are naturally-occurring in the lake,when adjacent farm fields are over-fertilized with diammonium phosphate,the run-off deposits these nutrients in the lake,allowing the algae to grow without limit.Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the overgrowth of algae?

A microaerophile

An important mineral ion that is a component of chlorophyll and serves as a stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes is ______.

Which statement is correct regarding microbial growth on food at refrigeration temperatures?

Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from ______.

Cultures of a bacterial strain were incubated in a standard incubator,in an anaerobic jar,and in a candle jar.After incubation,there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars,but heavy growth of the culture in the incubator.This species is a(n)______.

Human pathogens fall into the group called ______.

An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is a(n)______.

The majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9.

Bacteria like E.coli have an average generation time of 24 hours.

The term obligate refers to

Cultures of a bacterial strain were incubated in a refrigerator (5°C),on a lab bench (22°C),in a 37°C incubator,and in a 50°C incubator.After incubation,there was no growth at 37°C and 50°C,slight growth in the refrigerator,and abundant growth on the lab bench top.Which term best describes this organism?

You inoculate a bacterium into three tubes of nutrient broth medium containing added salt: 0.5% NaCl,5% NaCl,and 15% NaCl.After incubation,you notice significant turbidity in the 15% NaCl medium and modest turbidity in the 5% NaCl medium.There is no growth in the third tube.This organism would be termed ______.