Exam 15: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

In the viable plate count method,a measured volume of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated.Each _____ represents one _____ from the original sample.

A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C,but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n)______.

An organism that uses CO₂ for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a ______.

Most microorganisms can only grow in habitats that are similar to human body conditions.

The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane via a specific protein carrier but without energy expenditure is called ______.

When it is important to count the number of cells,determine cell size,and differentiate between dead and live cells,a(n)______ is used.

The methanogens,producers of methane gas,require environments that

In a commensal relationship,the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited.

A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve.

Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonia to be used by a cell.

The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,

As described in "A Note About Bacterial Reproduction -- and the "Culture Bias,"" the organism Epulopiscium does not divide by binary fission.Rather,each cell increases in size and divides to produce multiple daughter cells that are held within the original cell well.After lysis,those daughters are released to repeat the process. Assuming Epulopiscium could be grown in pure culture in the laboratory in broth and on solid media (it currently cannot),which method would be best for measuring the increase in biomass during growth?

Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO₂ environment.

The process by which a cell uses ATP to enclose a substance in its membrane,by forming a vacuole and engulfing it,is called ______.

Which compound has the highest concentration in a cell?

An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a(n) ______.

E.coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses.This is best termed a ______ relationship.