Exam 4: Comprehension, Memory, and Cognitive Learning

The phenomenon in which the meaning of something is influenced by the information environment is called _____.

Positively framed information primes losses,which consumers want to avoid,and encourages consumers to be more willing to take a chance on a product.

Knowledge in long-term memory is stored in an associative network.

VALENTINE'S DAY SCENARIO Todd decides to propose marriage to his girlfriend on Valentine's Day. He wants this to be a very special day, so he decided to take her to a fancy restaurant. He is not sure about the choice of restaurant, and so he asks his boss, who often patronizes fancy restaurants, for suggestions. Though Todd doesn't have much experience in fine restaurants, he knows what to expect: he will give his car to the valet, be seated by the hostess, be given menus and a wine list, order, eat, pay the bill, and retrieve his car from the valet. On the big day, he goes to his girlfriend's apartment with a dozen roses in his hand and the ring in his pocket. He likes the restaurant his boss suggested, and thinks the food is really good, but finds the choice of background music odd. In his opinion, a fancy restaurant shouldn't be playing pop music. However, the rest of the night goes according to plan. He will always remember how beautiful his girlfriend looks and how happy they are when she accepts his proposal. -Refer to Valentine's Day Scenario.Todd will remember the day for the rest of his life.He's going to remember how wonderful the food was; how special it was when he asked her to marry him; and the look on her face when she said yes.Todd's memory of the night he proposed is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

PROM NIGHT SCENARIO Sara had been very excited thinking about her approaching senior prom. She had been flipping through many fashion journals for "the dress". She had almost zeroed in on a gold dress. However, believing it to be too expensive, she did not even bother to check the price, even though, the advertisement said "affordable elegance". Finally, she chose an orange chiffon dress. As she tried the dress on, a sequence of events began to play in her mind-how Jake, her date, will come to pick her up in a limousine, and will tie a corsage around her wrist, how her parents will click a picture, and how they will zoom away to the prom venue and dance the night away-images that have been playing on her mind for days now. On the night of the prom, as she was dancing with Jake, she thought to herself, "Everything is just the way it should be." She was so happy when she was dancing the waltz that-the crowd, the noise, the music-everything drowned out. When they finally sat down for dinner, they were served by butlers. These butlers were efficient, tactful and mannerly, exactly the way Sara and her friends had always imagined butlers would be like. It was perfect. The night was very special for Sara and she thought that she will remember it for the rest of her life as one of her happiest memories. -Refer to Prom Night Scenario.Which of the following represents the sequence of events Sara mentally went through regarding what to expect on her prom night?

Which of the following terms refers to a type of associative network that works as a cognitive representation of a phenomenon that provides meaning to that entity?

A small piece of coded information that helps to retrieve a particular piece of knowledge is known as a _____.

The amount of information available for a consumer to process within a given environment is known as information _____.

Barring some physical incapacity,long-term memory represents permanent information storage.

Iconic storage is the storage of:

Consumers who are right brain dominant may respond particularly well to metaphors.

The extent to which one continues processing a message even after he/she develops an initial understanding in the comprehension stage is known as _____.

Alice,a five-year-old,used to cry and protest whenever her mother took her to the dentist for monthly dental checkups.After a dozen visits,however,she stopped crying,even though Alice admits that she still does not like going to the dentist.This change in Alice's response to dental visits is an example of _____.

A node is a concept within a schema that is the single best representative of some category.

Workbench memory has limited capacity.

Sam,a high school student,lives in a busy neighborhood.When he sits down to study,he can hear different noises-a phone ringing somewhere,a baby crying,a car honking-even though he does not pay attention to them.These noises will be stored in Sam's _____.

Rumination is the process by which continuous exposure to a stimulus affects the comprehension of and response to some stimulus.

A memory trace is a mental path by which some thought becomes dormant.

Social memory refers to the memory for past events in one's life.

Declarative knowledge is represented in an associative network when two nodes are linked by a path.