Exam 3: Perception and Learning in Organizations

A perceptual error in which we tend to believe that other people hold the same beliefs and attitudes that we do refers to:

Our likelihood of noticing a person or object depends on its:

In most situations, we should follow desired behavior with __________ and follow undesirable behavior with __________.

Female employees at a large brokerage firm are upset because their supervisors do not accept their explanations for lateness or absenteeism when they are related to issues with their children.They claim the supervisors, almost all of whom are male, are insensitive to family and other obligations and issues facing women.As a result, these supervisors tend to attribute lateness and absenteeism among female staff to their lack of motivation.If these supervisors are engaging in fundamental attribution error, what corrective action should the organization take to minimize this perceptual problem?

People tend to make an internal attribution about someone's behavior if that person has rarely acted like this either in the past or in other situations.

Self-serving bias is the tendency to take credit for our successes and blame others or the situation for our mistakes.

Diversity awareness programs are designed specifically to correct deep-rooted prejudice and intolerance in the workplace.

André is a doctor who is quick to mention that he is a doctor when he first meets other people.He also tends to perceive himself and other physicians in a more favorable way than nurses and non-medical staff.Which concept best explains André's perceptual process?

Primacy and recency effects are two attribution errors.

Grouping people and objects into recognizable patterns is part of the selective attention process.

We are more likely to notice objects with features that are repetitive, intense and in motion.

In organizational settings, empathy:

Which of the following is a perspective of learning emphasizing the environment rather than human thought as the source of all learning?

The primacy effect occurs because we have a strong need to quickly make sense of other people.

You are more likely to make an internal attribution about someone's poor performance if you have also observed the person performing that task poorly in the past and have observed other employees performing the task well.

Jim has just arrived late for work.This is the third time over the past five days that he has arrived more than 30 minutes late.However, you conclude that Jim's lateness is due to factors beyond his control because most other employees who also take Jim's route to work have also been late to work on these days.According to attribution theory, what attribution have you made of Jim's lateness and based on what attribution rule?

The easiest way to minimize stereotyping is by preventing the activation of stereotypes in our heads.

Self-fulfilling prophecy may result in either better or worse performance than if the employee is not exposed to the self-fulfilling prophecy effect.

A diversity awareness consultant submits a proposal to a company that wants to reduce stereotyping and prejudice.In the proposal, the consultant claims that his training program teaches employees to avoid the stereotyping process altogether when perceiving the world around them."Our training will prevent the activation of stereotypes and other forms of categorical thinking," claims the consultant's proposal.Discuss the accuracy of this consultant's claim and explain what training programs can do regarding stereotyping.

In the Johari Window, disclosure of information to colleagues results in: