Question 1

If an mRNA has been damaged so that it no longer has a stop codon, what happens to the ribosome and how is this problem solved?

Accepted Answer

A translation rescue molecule, tmRNA, is

Question 2

How are folded and unfolded proteins moved from the cytoplasm to the periplasm?

Accepted Answer

The SecB protein binds to unfolded prote

Question 3

Most tRNA molecules begin with a 5' __________ and all end with a 3' __________, to which the amino acids attach.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate; hydroxyl 
B)  C; GGA 
C)  G; CCA 
D)  A; TTA 
E)  C; AAT 
A)  phosphate; hydroxyl 
B)  C; GGA 
C)  G; CCA 
D)  A; TTA 
E)  C; AAT

Question 4

Name two antibiotics that affect transcription and explain their mode of action.

Accepted Answer

Rifamycin B inhibits transcription initi

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to a discipline involving comparison of genes of different species?

Accepted Answer

A)  annotation 
B)  bioinformatics 
C)  ORFs 
D)  sequence homology 
E)  computer analysis 
A)  annotation 
B)  bioinformatics 
C)  ORFs 
D)  sequence homology 
E)  computer analysis

Question 6

Transcription occurs in the __________ and translation occurs in the __________ of a eukaryotic cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleoid; cytoplasm 
B)  cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
C)  nucleus; cytoplasm 
D)  nucleus; nucleus 
E)  nucleoid; nucleoid 
A)  nucleoid; cytoplasm 
B)  cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
C)  nucleus; cytoplasm 
D)  nucleus; nucleus 
E)  nucleoid; nucleoid

Question 7

Explain the processes of Rho-dependent and Rho-independent termination of transcription.

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination involves Rho b

Question 8

Since ribosomes do not translate to the end of the mRNA, what causes translation to end?

Accepted Answer

The end of the coding sequence is marked

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a heat shock protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clp protease 
B)  tolC 
C)  SecB 
D)  Gro EL 
E)  Rho 
A)  Clp protease 
B)  tolC 
C)  SecB 
D)  Gro EL 
E)  Rho

Question 10

What is the significance of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription. 
B)  It is the site where ribosomes bind to begin translation. 
C)  It is the site where DNA polymerase binds to begin chromosome replication. 
D)  It is the site where the tRNA binds to the mRNA in translation. 
E)  It is the site where DNA polymerase begins synthesis of the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. 
A)  It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription. 
B)  It is the site where ribosomes bind to begin translation. 
C)  It is the site where DNA polymerase binds to begin chromosome replication. 
D)  It is the site where the tRNA binds to the mRNA in translation. 
E)  It is the site where DNA polymerase begins synthesis of the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Question 11

A __________ sequence consists of the most likely base (or bases) at each position.

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus 
B)  promoter 
C)  Shine-Dalgarno 
D)  regulatory 
E)  termination 
A)  consensus 
B)  promoter 
C)  Shine-Dalgarno 
D)  regulatory 
E)  termination

Question 12

After __________, each polypeptide must be properly folded and placed at the correct cellular or extracellular location.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  degradation 
E)  conjugation 
A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  degradation 
E)  conjugation

Question 13

Several different antibiotics have been isolated from.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli 
B)  Streptomyces 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Mycobacterium 
E)  Streptococcus 
A)  E. coli 
B)  Streptomyces 
C)  Mycoplasma 
D)  Mycobacterium 
E)  Streptococcus

Question 14

What does it mean to say that transcription and translation are coupled and what are some of the potential problems with this?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes can begin translating mRNA bef

Question 15

The unusual bases found in tRNA are poor substrates for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteases 
B)  polymerases 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  RNases 
A)  proteases 
B)  polymerases 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  RNases

Question 16

What specifically about eukaryotes makes bioinformatic analysis more complicated?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genes contain intro

Question 17

The semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  erythromycin 
B)  chloramphenicol 
C)  rifampin 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  tetracycline 
A)  erythromycin 
B)  chloramphenicol 
C)  rifampin 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  tetracycline

Question 18

The term __________ is used to describe movement of a protein out of the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A)  "export" 
B)  "import" 
C)  "translocation" 
D)  "transport" 
E)  "secretion" 
A)  "export" 
B)  "import" 
C)  "translocation" 
D)  "transport" 
E)  "secretion"

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  The RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds. 
B)  GTP hydrolysis catalyzes bubble formation. 
C)  The promoter unwinds. 
D)  The first rNTP is usually a purine. 
E)  Position +1 marks the start of the gene. 
A)  The RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds. 
B)  GTP hydrolysis catalyzes bubble formation. 
C)  The promoter unwinds. 
D)  The first rNTP is usually a purine. 
E)  Position +1 marks the start of the gene.

Question 20

Peptide bond formation effectively transfers the peptide from the tRNA in the __________ to tRNA in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  P-site; A-site 
B)  A-site; P-site 
C)  P-site; E-site 
D)  E-site; A-site 
E)  E-site; P-site 
A)  P-site; A-site 
B)  A-site; P-site 
C)  P-site; E-site 
D)  E-site; A-site 
E)  E-site; P-site

Exam 8: Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

If an mRNA has been damaged so that it no longer has a stop codon, what happens to the ribosome and how is this problem solved?

How are folded and unfolded proteins moved from the cytoplasm to the periplasm?

Most tRNA molecules begin with a 5' __________ and all end with a 3' __________, to which the amino acids attach.

Name two antibiotics that affect transcription and explain their mode of action.

Which of the following terms refers to a discipline involving comparison of genes of different species?

Transcription occurs in the __________ and translation occurs in the __________ of a eukaryotic cell.

Explain the processes of Rho-dependent and Rho-independent termination of transcription.

Since ribosomes do not translate to the end of the mRNA, what causes translation to end?

Which of the following is an example of a heat shock protein?

What is the significance of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

A __________ sequence consists of the most likely base (or bases) at each position.

After __________, each polypeptide must be properly folded and placed at the correct cellular or extracellular location.

Several different antibiotics have been isolated from.

What does it mean to say that transcription and translation are coupled and what are some of the potential problems with this?

The unusual bases found in tRNA are poor substrates for __________.

What specifically about eukaryotes makes bioinformatic analysis more complicated?

The semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin is __________.

The term __________ is used to describe movement of a protein out of the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is NOT true of initiation of transcription?

Peptide bond formation effectively transfers the peptide from the tRNA in the __________ to tRNA in the __________.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Most tRNA molecules begin with a 5' and all end with a 3' , to which the amino acids attach.

Transcription occurs in the and translation occurs in the of a eukaryotic cell.

Peptide bond formation effectively transfers the peptide from the tRNA in the to tRNA in the .