Question 1

The osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory problems facing a saltwater fish are

Accepted Answer

A) loss of water and loss of ions. 
B) loss of water and gain of ions. 
C) gain of water and loss of ions. 
D) gain of water and gain of ions. 
E) buildup of urea in tissues. 
A) loss of water and loss of ions. 
B) loss of water and gain of ions. 
C) gain of water and loss of ions. 
D) gain of water and gain of ions. 
E) buildup of urea in tissues.

Question 2

Imagine that a mutation occurs such that an insect lacks functional malpighian tubules.Predict the consequences for this creature.

Accepted Answer

A) There would be no consequences,as malphigian tubules are characteristic of earthworms,not insects. 
B) The ability to filter waste would be severely impaired. 
C) The ability to secrete waste would be severely impaired. 
D) The ability to maintain water and salt balance in the body would be severely impaireD. 
A) There would be no consequences,as malphigian tubules are characteristic of earthworms,not insects. 
B) The ability to filter waste would be severely impaired. 
C) The ability to secrete waste would be severely impaired. 
D) The ability to maintain water and salt balance in the body would be severely impaireD.

Question 3

The filtrate that leaves the proximal convoluted tubule is much more concentrated than the blood in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Predict what would happen to the volume of the urine if the descending portion of the loop of Henle ceased to function.

Accepted Answer

A) The volume of the urine would not change. 
B) The volume of the urine would increase. 
C) The volume of the urine would decrease. 
D) The salt concentration of the urine would remain constant. 
A) The volume of the urine would not change. 
B) The volume of the urine would increase. 
C) The volume of the urine would decrease. 
D) The salt concentration of the urine would remain constant.

Question 5

Which strategies would a seawater fish with an internal osmolarity of 320mOsm/L living in a marine environment of 1010mOsm/L utilize to maintain internal ion and water homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) produce copious amounts of dilute urine 
B) drink seawater and actively excrete salts out of their bodies across the gills 
C) don't drink seawater and actively transport salts into their bodies at the kidneys 
D) drink seawater and actively transport salts into their bodies at the gills 
E) All of the choices for this question are correct. 
A) produce copious amounts of dilute urine 
B) drink seawater and actively excrete salts out of their bodies across the gills 
C) don't drink seawater and actively transport salts into their bodies at the kidneys 
D) drink seawater and actively transport salts into their bodies at the gills 
E) All of the choices for this question are correct.

Question 6

What is the correct rank order for relative energetic cost (most to least)of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia $\rarr$  urea $\rarr$  uric acid 
B) uric acid $\rarr$ urea $\rarr$ ammonia 
C) urea $\rarr$  uric acid $\rarr$ ammonia 
D) ammonia $\rarr$  uric acid $\rarr$ urea 
E) urea $\rarr$  ammonia $\rarr$ uric acid 
A) ammonia $\rarr$  urea $\rarr$  uric acid 
B) uric acid $\rarr$ urea $\rarr$ ammonia 
C) urea $\rarr$  uric acid $\rarr$ ammonia 
D) ammonia $\rarr$  uric acid $\rarr$ urea 
E) urea $\rarr$  ammonia $\rarr$ uric acid

Question 7

What can be said about the transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

A) It results from active transport. 
B) It transfers large molecules (e.g. ,proteins)as easily as small ones. 
C) It is very selective as to which small molecules are transferred. 
D) It is mainly a consequence of blood pressure force-filtering the fluiD. 
E) It usually includes the transfer of red blood cells to the nephron tubulE. 
A) It results from active transport. 
B) It transfers large molecules (e.g. ,proteins)as easily as small ones. 
C) It is very selective as to which small molecules are transferred. 
D) It is mainly a consequence of blood pressure force-filtering the fluiD. 
E) It usually includes the transfer of red blood cells to the nephron tubulE.

Question 8

Sweat has a higher salt concentration than the blood does in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The bulk of the reabsorption of useful materials by the kidney takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A) renal corpuscle. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) loop of Henle. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting ducts. 
A) renal corpuscle. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) loop of Henle. 
D) distal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting ducts.

Question 10

Ammonia,urea,and uric acid

Accepted Answer

A) are all nitrogenous wastes. 
B) all require large amounts of water for excretion. 
C) all require about the same amount of energy to produce. 
D) are all equally toxic. 
E) are all produced by the kidney. 
A) are all nitrogenous wastes. 
B) all require large amounts of water for excretion. 
C) all require about the same amount of energy to produce. 
D) are all equally toxic. 
E) are all produced by the kidney.

Question 11

In the collecting ducts of the kidney,antidiuretic hormone promotes water conservation by increasing the levels of

Accepted Answer

A) aquaporins. 
B) G-protein coupled receptors. 
C) vasopressin. 
D) Na+/K+ ATPase. 
E) Na+/glucose symporters. 
A) aquaporins. 
B) G-protein coupled receptors. 
C) vasopressin. 
D) Na+/K+ ATPase. 
E) Na+/glucose symporters.

Question 12

The tuft of fenestrated capillaries at which filtration takes place in the mammalian kidney is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) renal corpuscle. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct. 
A) glomerulus. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) renal corpuscle. 
D) proximal convoluted tubule. 
E) collecting duct.

Question 13

The ascending portion of the loop of Henle is

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to water and impermeable to sodium. 
B) permeable to water and permeable to sodium. 
C) impermeable to water and permeable to sodium. 
D) impermeable to water and impermeable to sodium. 
E) the site of active transport of water. 
A) permeable to water and impermeable to sodium. 
B) permeable to water and permeable to sodium. 
C) impermeable to water and permeable to sodium. 
D) impermeable to water and impermeable to sodium. 
E) the site of active transport of water.

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus results from a disorder of glucose uptake by systemic cells and can result in a number of symptoms including high levels of blood glucose and the presence of glucose in the urine .Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the presence of glucose in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A) The reabsorption capacity of the kidney for glucose is exceeded. 
B) A lack of sodium in the filtrate blocks the function of the Na+/glucose symport protein. 
C) High levels of glucose interfere with ADH function. 
D) The high levels of glucose induce a "dehydrated" state that promotes production of a large amount of dilute urine. 
E) None of the choices given are a logical explanation for this observation. 
A) The reabsorption capacity of the kidney for glucose is exceeded. 
B) A lack of sodium in the filtrate blocks the function of the Na+/glucose symport protein. 
C) High levels of glucose interfere with ADH function. 
D) The high levels of glucose induce a "dehydrated" state that promotes production of a large amount of dilute urine. 
E) None of the choices given are a logical explanation for this observation.

Question 15

The three main forms of nitrogenous wastes found in animals are

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia,urea,and uric acid. 
B) ammonia,urea,and uracil. 
C) ammonia,urea,and amino acids. 
D) uracil,urea,and uric aciD. 
E) amino acids,uracil,and uric acid. 
A) ammonia,urea,and uric acid. 
B) ammonia,urea,and uracil. 
C) ammonia,urea,and amino acids. 
D) uracil,urea,and uric aciD. 
E) amino acids,uracil,and uric acid.

Question 16

Imagine you are examining a small mammal that lives under desert conditions and is water deprived.You would predict that levels of the hormone ADH in its blood would be

Accepted Answer

A) high,and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood. 
B) high,and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blood. 
C) low,and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood. 
D) low,and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blooD. 
E) high,and that its urine would be no more concentrated than its blood. 
A) high,and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood. 
B) high,and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blood. 
C) low,and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood. 
D) low,and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blooD. 
E) high,and that its urine would be no more concentrated than its blood.

Question 17

The excretory structures of annelids are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) flame cells. 
B) kidneys. 
C) protonephridia. 
D) metanephridia. 
E) malpighian tubules. 
A) flame cells. 
B) kidneys. 
C) protonephridia. 
D) metanephridia. 
E) malpighian tubules.

Exam 38: Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

The osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory problems facing a saltwater fish are

Imagine that a mutation occurs such that an insect lacks functional malpighian tubules.Predict the consequences for this creature.

The filtrate that leaves the proximal convoluted tubule is much more concentrated than the blood in humans.

Predict what would happen to the volume of the urine if the descending portion of the loop of Henle ceased to function.

Which strategies would a seawater fish with an internal osmolarity of 320mOsm/L living in a marine environment of 1010mOsm/L utilize to maintain internal ion and water homeostasis?

What is the correct rank order for relative energetic cost (most to least)of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?

What can be said about the transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule?

Sweat has a higher salt concentration than the blood does in humans.

The bulk of the reabsorption of useful materials by the kidney takes place in the

Ammonia,urea,and uric acid

In the collecting ducts of the kidney,antidiuretic hormone promotes water conservation by increasing the levels of

The tuft of fenestrated capillaries at which filtration takes place in the mammalian kidney is referred to as the

The ascending portion of the loop of Henle is

Diabetes mellitus results from a disorder of glucose uptake by systemic cells and can result in a number of symptoms including high levels of blood glucose and the presence of glucose in the urine .Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the presence of glucose in the urine?

The three main forms of nitrogenous wastes found in animals are

Imagine you are examining a small mammal that lives under desert conditions and is water deprived.You would predict that levels of the hormone ADH in its blood would be

The excretory structures of annelids are referred to as

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

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The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

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