Question 1

Serological tests are most often conducted in

Accepted Answer

A)  test tubes. 
B)  flasks. 
C)  microtiter plates. 
D)  graduated cylinders. 
A)  test tubes. 
B)  flasks. 
C)  microtiter plates. 
D)  graduated cylinders.

Question 2

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Accepted Answer

A)  primary substances. 
B)  secondary substances. 
C)  adjuvants. 
D)  adjuncts. 
A)  primary substances. 
B)  secondary substances. 
C)  adjuvants. 
D)  adjuncts.

Question 4

An immune complex is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen combined with antigen. 
B)  antigen combined with antibody. 
C)  antibody combined with antibody. 
D)  complement combined with LPS. 
A)  antigen combined with antigen. 
B)  antigen combined with antibody. 
C)  antibody combined with antibody. 
D)  complement combined with LPS.

Question 5

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

Accepted Answer

A)  complement fixation test. 
B)  radioimmunoassay test. 
C)  ELISA method. 
D)  RIA test. 
A)  complement fixation test. 
B)  radioimmunoassay test. 
C)  ELISA method. 
D)  RIA test.

Question 6

The most common adjuvant is

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol. 
B)  formalin. 
C)  alum. 
D)  aluminum. 
E)  alum AND aluminum. 
A)  ethanol. 
B)  formalin. 
C)  alum. 
D)  aluminum. 
E)  alum AND aluminum.

Question 7

Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborn are

Accepted Answer

A)  the result of infection. 
B)  self-made. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  the result of passive immunity. 
A)  the result of infection. 
B)  self-made. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  the result of passive immunity.

Question 8

Alum is an adjuvant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

Accepted Answer

A)  If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B)  There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the US, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C)  By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low. This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly). 
D)  Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne) transmission. This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible. Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E)  All of the options are correct. 
A)  If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B)  There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the US, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C)  By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low. This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly). 
D)  Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne) transmission. This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible. Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E)  All of the options are correct.

Question 10

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  complement fixation test. 
C)  radioimmunoassay. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  complement fixation test. 
C)  radioimmunoassay. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 12

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  indirect ELISA. 
C)  Western blot. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E)  indirect ELISA, Western blot AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  indirect ELISA. 
C)  Western blot. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E)  indirect ELISA, Western blot AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 13

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol. 
B)  phenol. 
C)  formalin. 
D)  histamine. 
A)  alcohol. 
B)  phenol. 
C)  formalin. 
D)  histamine.

Question 14

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Attenuated agents

Accepted Answer

A)  may induce immunity after a single dose. 
B)  may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. 
C)  multiply in the body. 
D)  may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  may induce immunity after a single dose. 
B)  may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. 
C)  multiply in the body. 
D)  may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Precipitation reactions carried out in agarose are called

Accepted Answer

A)  hemagglutination tests. 
B)  complement fixation tests. 
C)  immunodiffusion tests. 
D)  RIA tests. 
A)  hemagglutination tests. 
B)  complement fixation tests. 
C)  immunodiffusion tests. 
D)  RIA tests.

Question 17

A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  subunits. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  alum. 
D)  toxoids. 
E)  glycoproteins. 
A)  subunits. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  alum. 
D)  toxoids. 
E)  glycoproteins.

Question 18

The Salk vaccine

Accepted Answer

A)  protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B)  protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C)  is a subunit vaccine. 
D)  protects only against nervous system infection. 
E)  protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine. 
A)  protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B)  protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C)  is a subunit vaccine. 
D)  protects only against nervous system infection. 
E)  protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.

Question 19

The scientist who made variolation safer and more effective was

Accepted Answer

A)  Pasteur. 
B)  Jenner. 
C)  Metchnikoff. 
D)  Fleming. 
A)  Pasteur. 
B)  Jenner. 
C)  Metchnikoff. 
D)  Fleming.

Question 20

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgD 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgD

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

Serological tests are most often conducted in

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

An immune complex is defined as

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

The most common adjuvant is

Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborn are

Alum is an adjuvant.

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the US, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Attenuated agents

Precipitation reactions carried out in agarose are called

A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of

The Salk vaccine

The scientist who made variolation safer and more effective was

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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