Question 1

Monoclonal antibodies may be used in the rapid diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

A)  pregnancy. 
B)  hepatitis. 
C)  influenza. 
D)  chlamydia. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  pregnancy. 
B)  hepatitis. 
C)  influenza. 
D)  chlamydia. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 2

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinia. 
B)  cowpox. 
C)  rubella. 
D)  herpes. 
A)  vaccinia. 
B)  cowpox. 
C)  rubella. 
D)  herpes.

Question 3

The effectiveness of DNA vaccines stems from the effective production of antibodies against the naked DNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

DNA vaccines work by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B)  stimulating interferon production. 
C)  inactivating the host DNA. 
D)  having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen. 
A)  stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B)  stimulating interferon production. 
C)  inactivating the host DNA. 
D)  having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen.

Question 5

Injection of a single antigen usually results in production of

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody to a single epitope. 
B)  an antibody that recognizes several epitopes. 
C)  additional antigen. 
D)  a number of antibodies each recognizing a different epitope. 
A)  antibody to a single epitope. 
B)  an antibody that recognizes several epitopes. 
C)  additional antigen. 
D)  a number of antibodies each recognizing a different epitope.

Question 6

Agglutination tests can be used to diagnose diseases caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  hormones. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  viruses. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  hormones. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  viruses. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

What would be a primary advantage of using an attenuated agent rather than just an antigen from that agent for a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is actually a disadvantage-it's much more dangerous to use an attenuated agent over a subunit (single antigen) vaccine due to the possibility of reversion of the microbe to a pathogenic state. 
B)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the antibody production (humoral response) of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. 
C)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the cytotoxic T cell (CTL, cell-mediated) side of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. 
D)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates both the humoral (antibody) AND cell-mediated (T cell) portions of the adaptive immune response, giving the best comprehensive long-term protection available. 
A)  This is actually a disadvantage-it's much more dangerous to use an attenuated agent over a subunit (single antigen) vaccine due to the possibility of reversion of the microbe to a pathogenic state. 
B)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the antibody production (humoral response) of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. 
C)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the cytotoxic T cell (CTL, cell-mediated) side of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. 
D)  An attenuated agent strongly stimulates both the humoral (antibody) AND cell-mediated (T cell) portions of the adaptive immune response, giving the best comprehensive long-term protection available.

Question 8

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired immunity. 
B)  memory immunity. 
C)  vaccination. 
D)  hypersensitivity. 
A)  acquired immunity. 
B)  memory immunity. 
C)  vaccination. 
D)  hypersensitivity.

Question 9

Attenuated agents are

Accepted Answer

A)  dead viruses. 
B)  toxins. 
C)  weakened live organisms. 
D)  parts of an organism. 
A)  dead viruses. 
B)  toxins. 
C)  weakened live organisms. 
D)  parts of an organism.

Question 10

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Monoclonal antibodies obtained from a hybridoma provide

Accepted Answer

A)  a large amount of an antibody that is specific for a particular antigen. 
B)  a single antibody that recognizes many antigens. 
C)  many antigens that recognize a specific antibody. 
D)  a large number of B cells. 
A)  a large amount of an antibody that is specific for a particular antigen. 
B)  a single antibody that recognizes many antigens. 
C)  many antigens that recognize a specific antibody. 
D)  a large number of B cells.

Question 12

Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually of different classes. 
B)  usually recognize several epitopes. 
C)  have the same variable regions. 
D)  are always IgE. 
A)  are usually of different classes. 
B)  usually recognize several epitopes. 
C)  have the same variable regions. 
D)  are always IgE.

Question 13

Herd immunity

Accepted Answer

A)  only occurs in a population in which all individuals are immune. 
B)  occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune. 
C)  only provides protection to those that are already immune. 
D)  is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases. 
E)  occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune AND is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases. 
A)  only occurs in a population in which all individuals are immune. 
B)  occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune. 
C)  only provides protection to those that are already immune. 
D)  is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases. 
E)  occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune AND is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases.

Question 14

The change from negative serum, without antibodies specific to an infecting agent, to positive serum, containing antibodies against that infecting agent, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ELISA. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  seroconversion. 
D)  RIA. 
A)  ELISA. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  seroconversion. 
D)  RIA.

Question 15

For which of the following childhood diseases is a subunit vaccine recommended?

Accepted Answer

A)  polio 
B)  measles 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  pertussis 
A)  polio 
B)  measles 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  pertussis

Question 16

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

Accepted Answer

A)  1900. 
B)  1950. 
C)  1965. 
D)  1977. 
E)  1989. 
A)  1900. 
B)  1950. 
C)  1965. 
D)  1977. 
E)  1989.

Question 17

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Accepted Answer

A)  measles. 
B)  bubonic plague. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  smallpox. 
A)  measles. 
B)  bubonic plague. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  smallpox.

Question 18

The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called

Accepted Answer

A)  Oriental poxination. 
B)  humoral immunity. 
C)  variolation. 
D)  naturally acquired immunity. 
A)  Oriental poxination. 
B)  humoral immunity. 
C)  variolation. 
D)  naturally acquired immunity.

Question 19

Active immunity develops only after a natural infection and not after vaccination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  acellular subunit 
B)  whole cell attenuated 
C)  adjuvant 
D)  toxin 
A)  acellular subunit 
B)  whole cell attenuated 
C)  adjuvant 
D)  toxin

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

Monoclonal antibodies may be used in the rapid diagnosis of

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

The effectiveness of DNA vaccines stems from the effective production of antibodies against the naked DNA molecule.

DNA vaccines work by

Injection of a single antigen usually results in production of

Agglutination tests can be used to diagnose diseases caused by

What would be a primary advantage of using an attenuated agent rather than just an antigen from that agent for a vaccine?

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Attenuated agents are

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

Monoclonal antibodies obtained from a hybridoma provide

Monoclonal antibodies

Herd immunity

The change from negative serum, without antibodies specific to an infecting agent, to positive serum, containing antibodies against that infecting agent, is called

For which of the following childhood diseases is a subunit vaccine recommended?

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called

Active immunity develops only after a natural infection and not after vaccination.

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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