Question 1

Short tandem repeats (STRs)

Accepted Answer

A)  are useful in identifying specific individuals 
B)  are important sites in vectors where foreign DNA can be integrated 
C)  are errors that can arise during DNA sequencing 
D)  are DNA fragments generated during PCR 
A)  are useful in identifying specific individuals 
B)  are important sites in vectors where foreign DNA can be integrated 
C)  are errors that can arise during DNA sequencing 
D)  are DNA fragments generated during PCR

Question 2

Selecting for transformants involves

Accepted Answer

A)  identifying organisms that have taken up recombinant DNA. 
B)  searching for RNA. 
C)  production of proteins. 
D)  production of DNA. 
A)  identifying organisms that have taken up recombinant DNA. 
B)  searching for RNA. 
C)  production of proteins. 
D)  production of DNA.

Question 3

Digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  produces sticky ends. 
B)  produces blunt ends. 
C)  cuts both strands of the DNA molecule. 
D)  generates restriction fragments. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  produces sticky ends. 
B)  produces blunt ends. 
C)  cuts both strands of the DNA molecule. 
D)  generates restriction fragments. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

The Ti plasmid is naturally found in

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas. 
C)  Agrobacterium. 
D)  Staphylococcus. 
E)  E. coli AND Staphylococcus. 
A)  E. coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas. 
C)  Agrobacterium. 
D)  Staphylococcus. 
E)  E. coli AND Staphylococcus.

Question 5

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Accepted Answer

A)  uses virus hosts. 
B)  uses a labeled probe. 
C)  is useful in microbial ecology. 
D)  allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples. 
E)  uses a labeled probe, is useful in microbial ecology AND allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples. 
A)  uses virus hosts. 
B)  uses a labeled probe. 
C)  is useful in microbial ecology. 
D)  allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples. 
E)  uses a labeled probe, is useful in microbial ecology AND allows identification of particular bacterial groups in mixed samples.

Question 6

Laboratory strains ofE. coli are desirable hosts because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easy to grow. 
B)  its genetics is well known. 
C)  it is especially able to express foreign genes. 
D)  it has known phenotypic characteristics. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  it is easy to grow. 
B)  its genetics is well known. 
C)  it is especially able to express foreign genes. 
D)  it has known phenotypic characteristics. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

DNA probes are used to find regions of complementary DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Agarose gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acid fragments according to

Accepted Answer

A)  density. 
B)  shape. 
C)  size. 
D)  sequence. 
A)  density. 
B)  shape. 
C)  size. 
D)  sequence.

Question 9

Genetic engineering

Accepted Answer

A)  allows the use of bacteria as production factories for a number of molecules. 
B)  relies on recombinant DNA technology. 
C)  is dependent on RNA enzymes. 
D)  relies completely on conjugation. 
E)  allows the use of bacteria as production factories for a number of molecules AND relies on recombinant DNA technology. 
A)  allows the use of bacteria as production factories for a number of molecules. 
B)  relies on recombinant DNA technology. 
C)  is dependent on RNA enzymes. 
D)  relies completely on conjugation. 
E)  allows the use of bacteria as production factories for a number of molecules AND relies on recombinant DNA technology.

Question 10

Possessing the entire sequence of a particular human genome may not be as useful as we think. Why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Every human genome is different enough that knowing ONE human's DNA sequence can't tell us almost anything about ALL humans. 
B)  It's not the DNA sequence that matters-we need to know the mRNA sequence of the human genome. 
C)  Due to the presence of introns/exons, and splicing of RNA after transcription, the DNA sequence doesn't necessarily tell us the exact number/type of proteins that will eventually be made from it. 
D)  The amount of 'junk DNA' present in the human genome masks any useful genetic information that we'd like to obtain. 
A)  Every human genome is different enough that knowing ONE human's DNA sequence can't tell us almost anything about ALL humans. 
B)  It's not the DNA sequence that matters-we need to know the mRNA sequence of the human genome. 
C)  Due to the presence of introns/exons, and splicing of RNA after transcription, the DNA sequence doesn't necessarily tell us the exact number/type of proteins that will eventually be made from it. 
D)  The amount of 'junk DNA' present in the human genome masks any useful genetic information that we'd like to obtain.

Question 11

Genetically modified food has raised some concerns because

Accepted Answer

A)  it contains radioactive particles. 
B)  it may contain some unanticipated allergens. 
C)  it may have some unintended environmental effects. 
D)  the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms. 
E)  it may contain some unanticipated allergens, it may have some unintended environmental effects AND the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms. 
A)  it contains radioactive particles. 
B)  it may contain some unanticipated allergens. 
C)  it may have some unintended environmental effects. 
D)  the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms. 
E)  it may contain some unanticipated allergens, it may have some unintended environmental effects AND the modified DNA may transfer to other organisms.

Question 12

DNA probes

Accepted Answer

A)  may be obtained from denatured tagged dsDNA. 
B)  may be obtained from similar genes from another organism. 
C)  may be synthesized usually using information based on the protein sequence. 
D)  are usually tagged dsRNA. 
E)  may be obtained from denatured tagged dsDNA, may be obtained from similar genes from another organism AND may be synthesized usually using information based on the protein sequence. 
A)  may be obtained from denatured tagged dsDNA. 
B)  may be obtained from similar genes from another organism. 
C)  may be synthesized usually using information based on the protein sequence. 
D)  are usually tagged dsRNA. 
E)  may be obtained from denatured tagged dsDNA, may be obtained from similar genes from another organism AND may be synthesized usually using information based on the protein sequence.

Question 13

Dideoxynucleotides

Accepted Answer

A)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing. 
B)  have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
C)  act as chain initiators. 
D)  act as chain terminators. 
E)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND act as chain terminators. 
A)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing. 
B)  have two additional hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' carbons. 
C)  act as chain initiators. 
D)  act as chain terminators. 
E)  are useful in nucleic acid sequencing AND act as chain terminators.

Question 14

A very common vector is a plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

FISH uses labeled probes to detect specific whole cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Restriction enzymes have proved so useful in manipulating DNA because

Accepted Answer

A)  they cut at defined sites. 
B)  the sticky ends make it very easy to allow recombination of any type of DNA. 
C)  they protect eukaryotes against virus attack. 
D)  they cut RNA molecules. 
E)  they cut at defined sites AND the sticky ends make it very easy to allow recombination of any type of DNA. 
A)  they cut at defined sites. 
B)  the sticky ends make it very easy to allow recombination of any type of DNA. 
C)  they protect eukaryotes against virus attack. 
D)  they cut RNA molecules. 
E)  they cut at defined sites AND the sticky ends make it very easy to allow recombination of any type of DNA.

Question 17

A graduate student wants to clone a particular gene into a plasmid. The sequence includes AluI and BamHI sites on both sides of the desired fragment. AluI cuts symmetrically directly between the G and C nucleotides in a palindromic 5' AGCT 3' sequence. BamHI cuts asymmetrically directly between the G and G nucleotides in a palindromic 5' GGATCC 3' sequence. Which of the two restriction endonucleases should the graduate student choose, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  BamHI to cut both sides-since it cuts asymmetrically, it'll leave the sticky, cohesive single-strand DNA ends that will make it easier to ligate into a BamHI-cut plasmid DNA sequence. 
B)  AluI to cut both sides-it's always easier to ligate together blunt ends of DNA. She should also use AluI on the plasmid she wants to put the fragment into. 
C)  BamHI on the fragment, and AluI on the plasmid-this will give her the matching sequences to anneal/ligate together on the fragment/plasmid combination. 
D)  BamHI on one side of the fragment, and AluI on the other side-this would keep the fragment from sticking right back to where it was cut out from in the original DNA. 
A)  BamHI to cut both sides-since it cuts asymmetrically, it'll leave the sticky, cohesive single-strand DNA ends that will make it easier to ligate into a BamHI-cut plasmid DNA sequence. 
B)  AluI to cut both sides-it's always easier to ligate together blunt ends of DNA. She should also use AluI on the plasmid she wants to put the fragment into. 
C)  BamHI on the fragment, and AluI on the plasmid-this will give her the matching sequences to anneal/ligate together on the fragment/plasmid combination. 
D)  BamHI on one side of the fragment, and AluI on the other side-this would keep the fragment from sticking right back to where it was cut out from in the original DNA.

Exam 9: Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Short tandem repeats (STRs)

Selecting for transformants involves

Digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes

The Ti plasmid is naturally found in

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Laboratory strains ofE. coli are desirable hosts because

DNA probes are used to find regions of complementary DNA.

Agarose gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acid fragments according to

Genetic engineering

Possessing the entire sequence of a particular human genome may not be as useful as we think. Why not?

Genetically modified food has raised some concerns because

DNA probes

Dideoxynucleotides

A very common vector is a plasmid.

FISH uses labeled probes to detect specific whole cells.

Restriction enzymes have proved so useful in manipulating DNA because

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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