Exam 7: Social Perception and Attributions

_____ is a perceptual error that occurs when a rater forms an overall impression about an object and then uses that impression to bias ratings about the object.

People usually do not pay attention to salient stimuli.

Information is retrieved from memory when people make judgments and decisions.

A woman's promotional track generally resembles more of a labyrinth than a straight upward path.

Age stereotypes are mostly based on fact.

Unstructured interviews have been shown to reduce bias on the interviewer's part.

Molly works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. She comes across as a very fun loving, party going person. One day her dog falls sick and Molly has to take him to the vet. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Molly is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation?

Encoding involves storage of information in long-term memory.

Social scientists believe the best way to reduce stereotypes in an organization is to _____.

Men typically receive higher performance ratings than women for the same level of task performance, confirming the pro-male bias in performance ratings.

_____ occurs when an individual's high self-expectations for him- or herself lead to high performance.

Sex-role stereotypes are related to gender-based expectations that people use without any conscious awareness.

_____ reflects one's tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors.

The halo effect leads a rater to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.

John is Harry's boss, and really likes the way Harry handles a number of people-related issues. John feels that Harry is an up-standing guy who really cares about other people, even though he is not very good at the technical aspects of his job. John uses this overall impression and gives Harry a really good rating in the performance evaluation. Which of the following perceptual errors explains John's behavior?

According to Kelley's model of attribution, the concept of consensus relates to other people while distinctiveness relates to other tasks.

Tommy always knew he was meant to be an achiever. He started a small business in his home town but believed that he would make it big one day. Slowly, through years of hard work and perseverance, his business grew into a multi-million dollar company. Which of the following best explains this situation?

Explain how the self-fulfilling prophecy operates. How can the self-fulfilling prophecy be used to motivate employee performance?

Men typically believe that promotions are based on luck and connections whereas women typically believe that promotions are based more on hard work.

A _____ represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus.