Question 1

The term used to describe the fact that cancer cells have lost the specializations of the cells from which they descend is

Accepted Answer

A)  heritable. 
B)  angiogenic. 
C)  oncogenic. 
D)  dedifferentiated. 
E)  apoptotic. 
A)  heritable. 
B)  angiogenic. 
C)  oncogenic. 
D)  dedifferentiated. 
E)  apoptotic. D

Question 2

The oncogene that causes Burkitt's lymphoma results from

Accepted Answer

A)  A translocation that moves a proto-oncogene next to an antibody gene. 
B)  an inversion that places a proto-oncogene next to a transcription factor gene. 
C)  a point mutation in a proto-oncogene. 
D)  a virus that inserts next to a proto-oncogene. 
E)  a deletion of an anti-oncogene. 
A)  A translocation that moves a proto-oncogene next to an antibody gene. 
B)  an inversion that places a proto-oncogene next to a transcription factor gene. 
C)  a point mutation in a proto-oncogene. 
D)  a virus that inserts next to a proto-oncogene. 
E)  a deletion of an anti-oncogene. A

Question 3

In Wilms' tumor,

Accepted Answer

A)  heart cells divide as frequently as do cells in the skin. 
B)  being exposed to cigarette smoke in the uterus causes lung cancer in the infant. 
C)  cells in a child's kidney divide as frequently as if they were still in a fetus. 
D)  deletion of the retinoblastoma gene causes an eye tumor. 
E)  cancer develops in the breast when cells have too many growth factor receptors. 
A)  heart cells divide as frequently as do cells in the skin. 
B)  being exposed to cigarette smoke in the uterus causes lung cancer in the infant. 
C)  cells in a child's kidney divide as frequently as if they were still in a fetus. 
D)  deletion of the retinoblastoma gene causes an eye tumor. 
E)  cancer develops in the breast when cells have too many growth factor receptors. C

Question 4

Dana Reeve,the wife of actor Christopher Reeve,died at a young age from lung cancer,although she had never smoked.Her cancer was likely caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  a germline mutation. 
B)  two somatic mutations in the same lung cell. 
C)  exposure to carcinogens. 
D)  second hand smoke. 
E)  stress from caring for her husband, who had a spinal cord injury. 
A)  a germline mutation. 
B)  two somatic mutations in the same lung cell. 
C)  exposure to carcinogens. 
D)  second hand smoke. 
E)  stress from caring for her husband, who had a spinal cord injury.

Question 5

When tumor cell DNA is examined from people at different stages of the same cancer type,mutations that are common to all of them

Accepted Answer

A)  act early in the disease. 
B)  act late in the disease. 
C)  acted on an initial cell and then reverted to wild type. 
D)  entered the cells on the same type of virus. 
E)  are there by coincidence and do not mean anything about the disease. 
A)  act early in the disease. 
B)  act late in the disease. 
C)  acted on an initial cell and then reverted to wild type. 
D)  entered the cells on the same type of virus. 
E)  are there by coincidence and do not mean anything about the disease.

Question 6

A cancer stem cell can divide to give rise to

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor cells, abnormal daughter cells, normal cells, and more cancer stem cells. 
B)  more cancer stem cells only. 
C)  healthy stem cells and normally differentiated cells. 
D)  nothing. It cannot divide further. 
E)  invasive cells and metastatic malignant cells. 
A)  tumor cells, abnormal daughter cells, normal cells, and more cancer stem cells. 
B)  more cancer stem cells only. 
C)  healthy stem cells and normally differentiated cells. 
D)  nothing. It cannot divide further. 
E)  invasive cells and metastatic malignant cells.

Question 7

After mutations begin a cancer,other factors that influence whether the disease proceeds include

Accepted Answer

A)  how old the person is and whether he or she smokes. 
B)  whether the person has had cancer before, and where in the body it was. 
C)  location of the cancerous cell in the tissue, and how specialized the cell is. 
D)  whether or not relatives have cancer. 
E)  the type of exercise that the person does and whether the diet includes enough fruits and vegetables. 
A)  how old the person is and whether he or she smokes. 
B)  whether the person has had cancer before, and where in the body it was. 
C)  location of the cancerous cell in the tissue, and how specialized the cell is. 
D)  whether or not relatives have cancer. 
E)  the type of exercise that the person does and whether the diet includes enough fruits and vegetables.

Question 8

The cause of p53-related cancers is

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal cells that remain in a child or adult, dividing too frequently. 
B)  continual expression of the telomerase gene, which keeps cells dividing. 
C)  deletion of cell cycle checkpoint genes. 
D)  failure to repair damaged DNA, allowing the cell to continue dividing. 
E)  a translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15. 
A)  fetal cells that remain in a child or adult, dividing too frequently. 
B)  continual expression of the telomerase gene, which keeps cells dividing. 
C)  deletion of cell cycle checkpoint genes. 
D)  failure to repair damaged DNA, allowing the cell to continue dividing. 
E)  a translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15.

Question 9

Loss of tumor suppression in a cell usually results from

Accepted Answer

A)  cytokine activation of a tumor suppressor gene. 
B)  a translocation of a tumor suppressor gene. 
C)  an inversion involving a tumor suppressor gene. 
D)  a deletion of a tumor suppressor gene. 
E)  activation of a proto-oncogene by a virus. 
A)  cytokine activation of a tumor suppressor gene. 
B)  a translocation of a tumor suppressor gene. 
C)  an inversion involving a tumor suppressor gene. 
D)  a deletion of a tumor suppressor gene. 
E)  activation of a proto-oncogene by a virus.

Question 10

Types of genetic information in a cancer "atlas" include

Accepted Answer

A)  the types of foods a person eats and how he or she exercises. 
B)  lists of where people have lived and what environmental toxins they have been exposed to. 
C)  the numbers of each type of nitrogenous base in the genome. 
D)  mutations, gene expression, SNPs, microRNAs, and copy number variants. 
E)  the number of macroRNAs that are activated in a particular tumor type. 
A)  the types of foods a person eats and how he or she exercises. 
B)  lists of where people have lived and what environmental toxins they have been exposed to. 
C)  the numbers of each type of nitrogenous base in the genome. 
D)  mutations, gene expression, SNPs, microRNAs, and copy number variants. 
E)  the number of macroRNAs that are activated in a particular tumor type.

Question 11

Which type of study would compare the incidence of colon cancer among Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent?

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical 
B)  population 
C)  prospective 
D)  case-control 
E)  gene expression profile 
A)  clinical 
B)  population 
C)  prospective 
D)  case-control 
E)  gene expression profile

Question 12

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  are X-linked. 
B)  are incompletely penetrant. 
C)  are translocations. 
D)  cause several types of leukemia. 
E)  are in oncogenes. 
A)  are X-linked. 
B)  are incompletely penetrant. 
C)  are translocations. 
D)  cause several types of leukemia. 
E)  are in oncogenes.

Question 13

A proto-oncogene can become an oncogene when

Accepted Answer

A)  it is shut off. 
B)  it is translocated next to a highly expressed gene. 
C)  it is translocated next to a gene that is not being expressed. 
D)  checkpoints are added to the cell cycle. 
E)  the cell cycle temporarily runs backwards. 
A)  it is shut off. 
B)  it is translocated next to a highly expressed gene. 
C)  it is translocated next to a gene that is not being expressed. 
D)  checkpoints are added to the cell cycle. 
E)  the cell cycle temporarily runs backwards.

Question 14

The connection between stem cells and cancer is that

Accepted Answer

A)  all stem cells are also cancer cells. 
B)  cells may become cancerous by expressing "stemness" genes. 
C)  stem cells rescue cells that have become cancerous. 
D)  stem cells become cancerous if a person smokes. 
E)  both stem cells and cancer cells have inactivated telomerase. 
A)  all stem cells are also cancer cells. 
B)  cells may become cancerous by expressing "stemness" genes. 
C)  stem cells rescue cells that have become cancerous. 
D)  stem cells become cancerous if a person smokes. 
E)  both stem cells and cancer cells have inactivated telomerase.

Question 15

The diets of 250 patients with pancreatic cancer are compared to the diets of 250 healthy individuals,over a four month period.The patients and controls are matched one for one for age,sex,and body mass index.The cancer patients tended to eat more barbecued meat,and none of them were vegetarians.The healthy group included 30 vegetarians and only four of the 250 regularly ate barbecued meat.The researchers conclude that it would be worthwhile to further test the hypothesis that compounds in charred meat cause pancreatic cancer.What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  retrospective 
B)  nutritionally controlled 
C)  population 
D)  multigenerational 
E)  case-control 
A)  retrospective 
B)  nutritionally controlled 
C)  population 
D)  multigenerational 
E)  case-control

Question 16

In normal differentiated somatic cells,telomerase

Accepted Answer

A)  adds material to the ends of chromosomes with each cell division. 
B)  is not expressed and telomere tips erode with each division. 
C)  removes telomere tips with each division. 
D)  is overexpressed and cells undergo apoptosis. 
E)  repairs double strand breaks in DNA. 
A)  adds material to the ends of chromosomes with each cell division. 
B)  is not expressed and telomere tips erode with each division. 
C)  removes telomere tips with each division. 
D)  is overexpressed and cells undergo apoptosis. 
E)  repairs double strand breaks in DNA.

Question 17

Growth of new blood vessels in and around tumors is called

Accepted Answer

A)  invasiveness. 
B)  angiogenesis. 
C)  metastasis. 
D)  dedifferentiation. 
E)  apoptosis. 
A)  invasiveness. 
B)  angiogenesis. 
C)  metastasis. 
D)  dedifferentiation. 
E)  apoptosis.

Question 18

People were trying to treat cancer as long ago as

Accepted Answer

A) a million years ago. 
B) 5,000 years ago. 
C) 1600 B.C. 
D) 1900 A.D. 
E) since the discovery of the genetic code in the 1960s. 
A) a million years ago. 
B) 5,000 years ago. 
C) 1600 B.C. 
D) 1900 A.D. 
E) since the discovery of the genetic code in the 1960s.

Question 19

Mutations in microRNAs can explain families who have different cancers but do not have mutation for known family cancer syndrome genes because

Accepted Answer

A)  microRNAs are specific to families. 
B)  a single type of microRNA can have many targets. 
C)  microRNAs also serve as oncogenes. 
D)  exposure to different environmental toxins triggers transcription of particular microRNAs. 
E)  they caused reversion of the family cancer syndrome mutations. 
A)  microRNAs are specific to families. 
B)  a single type of microRNA can have many targets. 
C)  microRNAs also serve as oncogenes. 
D)  exposure to different environmental toxins triggers transcription of particular microRNAs. 
E)  they caused reversion of the family cancer syndrome mutations.

Question 20

A gatekeeper gene

Accepted Answer

A)  regulates mitosis and meiosis. 
B)  regulates its own mutation rate. 
C)  can destabilize the genome when mutant. 
D)  releases microRNAs that trigger parts of the cell membrane to open. 
E)  regulates apoptosis and mitosis. 
A)  regulates mitosis and meiosis. 
B)  regulates its own mutation rate. 
C)  can destabilize the genome when mutant. 
D)  releases microRNAs that trigger parts of the cell membrane to open. 
E)  regulates apoptosis and mitosis.

Exam 18: Genetics of Cancer

The term used to describe the fact that cancer cells have lost the specializations of the cells from which they descend is

The oncogene that causes Burkitt's lymphoma results from

In Wilms' tumor,

Dana Reeve,the wife of actor Christopher Reeve,died at a young age from lung cancer,although she had never smoked.Her cancer was likely caused by

When tumor cell DNA is examined from people at different stages of the same cancer type,mutations that are common to all of them

A cancer stem cell can divide to give rise to

After mutations begin a cancer,other factors that influence whether the disease proceeds include

The cause of p53-related cancers is

Loss of tumor suppression in a cell usually results from

Types of genetic information in a cancer "atlas" include

Which type of study would compare the incidence of colon cancer among Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

A proto-oncogene can become an oncogene when

The connection between stem cells and cancer is that

In normal differentiated somatic cells,telomerase

Growth of new blood vessels in and around tumors is called

People were trying to treat cancer as long ago as

Mutations in microRNAs can explain families who have different cancers but do not have mutation for known family cancer syndrome genes because

A gatekeeper gene

Overview of Genetics

Cells

Meiosis and Development

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Law

Matters of Sex

Multifactorial Traits

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From Dna to Protein

Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Constant Allele Frequencies

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry

Genetics of Immunity

Genetic Technologies: Amplifying, Modifying, and Monitoring DNA

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

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