Question 1

"Monoclonal" means that

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies come from a twin. 
B)  antibodies are identical. 
C)  cancer cells are all of one type. 
D)  antigens are from a single source. 
E)  fused cells are from the same species. 
A)  antibodies come from a twin. 
B)  antibodies are identical. 
C)  cancer cells are all of one type. 
D)  antigens are from a single source. 
E)  fused cells are from the same species. B

Question 2

The protection against a specific infectious disease that arises when all or nearly all of a population is vaccinated is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  immune preparedness. 
B)  mandatory vaccination. 
C)  government-controlled health care. 
D)  herd immunity. 
E)  socialized medicine. 
A)  immune preparedness. 
B)  mandatory vaccination. 
C)  government-controlled health care. 
D)  herd immunity. 
E)  socialized medicine. D

Question 3

CD antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)  found on B cells, where they determine the antibody types that are made. 
B)  found on B cells, where they make recognition of self antigens on macrophages possible. 
C)  found on T cells, which they enable to recognized foreign antigens on macrophages. 
D)  found on macrophages, which they enable to link with both B and T cells. 
E)  found on bacteria that cause infection, enabling the immune system to recognize them. 
A)  found on B cells, where they determine the antibody types that are made. 
B)  found on B cells, where they make recognition of self antigens on macrophages possible. 
C)  found on T cells, which they enable to recognized foreign antigens on macrophages. 
D)  found on macrophages, which they enable to link with both B and T cells. 
E)  found on bacteria that cause infection, enabling the immune system to recognize them. C

Question 4

People do not develop a secondary immune response to influenza because

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system mutates from season to season. 
B)  flu vaccines are not always effective. 
C)  secondary immune responses are only possible against bacteria. 
D)  the primary immune response is sufficient to protect against flu. 
E)  the virus mutates, so it is different each season. 
A)  the immune system mutates from season to season. 
B)  flu vaccines are not always effective. 
C)  secondary immune responses are only possible against bacteria. 
D)  the primary immune response is sufficient to protect against flu. 
E)  the virus mutates, so it is different each season.

Question 5

In reverse vaccinology,researchers develop vaccines by

Accepted Answer

A)  considering how rapidly pathogens divide in laboratory culture. 
B)  culturing pathogens in laboratory glassware. 
C)  targeting genes of pathogens that cannot be cultured. 
D)  exposing pathogens to panels of antibiotic drugs to select those that work. 
E)  injecting human antigens into pathogen genomes. 
A)  considering how rapidly pathogens divide in laboratory culture. 
B)  culturing pathogens in laboratory glassware. 
C)  targeting genes of pathogens that cannot be cultured. 
D)  exposing pathogens to panels of antibiotic drugs to select those that work. 
E)  injecting human antigens into pathogen genomes.

Question 6

The human leukocyte antigen genes are on the

Accepted Answer

A)  short arm of chromosome 6. 
B)  long arm of chromosome 18. 
C)  short arm of chromosome 2. 
D)  long arm of chromosome 6. 
E)  Y chromosome. 
A)  short arm of chromosome 6. 
B)  long arm of chromosome 18. 
C)  short arm of chromosome 2. 
D)  long arm of chromosome 6. 
E)  Y chromosome.

Question 7

The constant region of an antibody molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  the binding site for antigens. 
B)  part of the heavy chains only. 
C)  the same in all antibodies of a certain type. 
D)  at the tips of light chains only. 
E)  the binding site for two antigens. 
A)  the binding site for antigens. 
B)  part of the heavy chains only. 
C)  the same in all antibodies of a certain type. 
D)  at the tips of light chains only. 
E)  the binding site for two antigens.

Question 8

An example of an autoimmune disorder is

Accepted Answer

A)  AIDS. 
B)  hay fever. 
C)  severe combined immune deficiency. 
D)  systemic lupus erythematosis. 
E)  colon cancer. 
A)  AIDS. 
B)  hay fever. 
C)  severe combined immune deficiency. 
D)  systemic lupus erythematosis. 
E)  colon cancer.

Question 9

Helper T cells secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  cytokines. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  immunoglobulins. 
E)  autoantibodies. 
A)  cytokines. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  immunoglobulins. 
E)  autoantibodies.

Question 10

The differences between innate and adaptive immunity are that

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive immunity is fast and generalized; innate immunity is slow and specific. 
B)  innate immunity targets cancers and transplants; adaptive immunity targets viruses and bacteria. 
C)  innate immunity is fast and generalized; adaptive immunity is slow and specific. 
D)  adaptive immunity releases cytokines; innate immunity produces antibodies. 
E)  innate immunity is present in fetuses and children whereas adaptive immunity is only present in adults. 
A)  adaptive immunity is fast and generalized; innate immunity is slow and specific. 
B)  innate immunity targets cancers and transplants; adaptive immunity targets viruses and bacteria. 
C)  innate immunity is fast and generalized; adaptive immunity is slow and specific. 
D)  adaptive immunity releases cytokines; innate immunity produces antibodies. 
E)  innate immunity is present in fetuses and children whereas adaptive immunity is only present in adults.

Question 11

Which type of white blood cell secretes specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cell 
B)  macrophage 
C)  B cell 
D)  neutrophil 
E)  erythrocyte 
A)  T cell 
B)  macrophage 
C)  B cell 
D)  neutrophil 
E)  erythrocyte

Question 12

A new approach to typing blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  serology. 
B)  genotyping. 
C)  gene therapy. 
D)  stem cell therapy. 
E)  phenotyping. 
A)  serology. 
B)  genotyping. 
C)  gene therapy. 
D)  stem cell therapy. 
E)  phenotyping.

Question 13

In an allergic reaction,allergens bind _______,which release allergy mediators.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE antibodies on mast cell surfaces 
B)  IgG antibodies on B cell surfaces 
C)  allergy genes on chromosome 5 
D)  histamines on mast cell surfaces 
E)  pollen granules 
A)  IgE antibodies on mast cell surfaces 
B)  IgG antibodies on B cell surfaces 
C)  allergy genes on chromosome 5 
D)  histamines on mast cell surfaces 
E)  pollen granules

Question 14

Identifying combinations of _______ alleles is useful in tissue typing,establishing identity,and estimating disease risk.

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  CCR5 
C)  HLA 
D)  antibody 
E)  erythrocyte 
A)  HIV 
B)  CCR5 
C)  HLA 
D)  antibody 
E)  erythrocyte

Question 15

The three basic characteristics of adaptive immunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  generality, diversity, and retention. 
B)  specificity, diversity, and memory. 
C)  prevention, protections, and memory. 
D)  antibody production, cytokine secretion, and walling off of infected areas. 
E)  suppression, activation, and transference. 
A)  generality, diversity, and retention. 
B)  specificity, diversity, and memory. 
C)  prevention, protections, and memory. 
D)  antibody production, cytokine secretion, and walling off of infected areas. 
E)  suppression, activation, and transference.

Question 16

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing a

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell and a cancer cell. 
B)  B cell and a T cell. 
C)  human spleen cell and a sheep B cell. 
D)  mast cell and a macrophage. 
E)  T cell and a plasma cell. 
A)  B cell and a cancer cell. 
B)  B cell and a T cell. 
C)  human spleen cell and a sheep B cell. 
D)  mast cell and a macrophage. 
E)  T cell and a plasma cell.

Question 17

HIV destroys the immune system by primarily destroying

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  erythrocytes. 
A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  erythrocytes.

Question 18

The enzyme __________ allows HIV to make a DNA copy of its RNA genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA transcriptase 
E)  DNA ligase 
A)  reverse transcriptase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA transcriptase 
E)  DNA ligase

Question 19

Inflammation helps to fight infection by

Accepted Answer

A)  creating an environment in the body that is hostile to pathogens. 
B)  producing antibodies that kill viruses and bacteria. 
C)  shrinking tissues at the site of infection. 
D)  limiting the number of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  producing collectins, cytokines, and complement. 
A)  creating an environment in the body that is hostile to pathogens. 
B)  producing antibodies that kill viruses and bacteria. 
C)  shrinking tissues at the site of infection. 
D)  limiting the number of phagocytes at the infection site. 
E)  producing collectins, cytokines, and complement.

Question 20

One way an autoimmune disorder can arise is if

Accepted Answer

A)  the person encounters an immunodeficiency virus. 
B)  the person inhales an allergen. 
C)  a nonself antigen coincidentally resembles a self antigen. 
D)  too many T cells die in the thymus. 
E)  a person has too many organ transplants. 
A)  the person encounters an immunodeficiency virus. 
B)  the person inhales an allergen. 
C)  a nonself antigen coincidentally resembles a self antigen. 
D)  too many T cells die in the thymus. 
E)  a person has too many organ transplants.

Exam 17: Genetics of Immunity

"Monoclonal" means that

The protection against a specific infectious disease that arises when all or nearly all of a population is vaccinated is termed

CD antigens are

People do not develop a secondary immune response to influenza because

In reverse vaccinology,researchers develop vaccines by

The human leukocyte antigen genes are on the

The constant region of an antibody molecule is

An example of an autoimmune disorder is

Helper T cells secrete

The differences between innate and adaptive immunity are that

Which type of white blood cell secretes specific antibodies?

A new approach to typing blood is

In an allergic reaction,allergens bind _______,which release allergy mediators.

Identifying combinations of _______ alleles is useful in tissue typing,establishing identity,and estimating disease risk.

The three basic characteristics of adaptive immunity are

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing a

HIV destroys the immune system by primarily destroying

The enzyme __________ allows HIV to make a DNA copy of its RNA genome.

Inflammation helps to fight infection by

One way an autoimmune disorder can arise is if

Overview of Genetics

Cells

Meiosis and Development

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Law

Matters of Sex

Multifactorial Traits

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From Dna to Protein

Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Constant Allele Frequencies

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry

Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Technologies: Amplifying, Modifying, and Monitoring DNA

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

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