Question 1

The difference between microevolution and macroevolution is that

Accepted Answer

A)  microevolution affects bacteria and macroevolution affects larger organisms. 
B)  microevolution happens slowly and macroevolution happens quickly. 
C)  macroevolution happens slowly and microevolution happens quickly. 
D)  microevolutionary changes are small, and macroevolutionary changes are large. 
E)  microevolution affects up to 100 base pairs and macroevolution affects chromosomes. 
A)  microevolution affects bacteria and macroevolution affects larger organisms. 
B)  microevolution happens slowly and macroevolution happens quickly. 
C)  macroevolution happens slowly and microevolution happens quickly. 
D)  microevolutionary changes are small, and macroevolutionary changes are large. 
E)  microevolution affects up to 100 base pairs and macroevolution affects chromosomes. D

Question 2

In order to identify (or rule out identity)from a DNA sample that is a mixture,the investigator should know

Accepted Answer

A)  how long the DNA has been exposed to the environment. 
B)  how the person perished. 
C)  the population groups to which the person of interest belongs or belonged. 
D)  the genome sequence of the suspect or missing person. 
E)  whether RNA is in the sample. 
A)  how long the DNA has been exposed to the environment. 
B)  how the person perished. 
C)  the population groups to which the person of interest belongs or belonged. 
D)  the genome sequence of the suspect or missing person. 
E)  whether RNA is in the sample. C

Question 3

Which of the following have the longest DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  VNTRs 
B)  STRs 
C)  SNPs 
D)  thymine dimers 
E)  base pairs 
A)  VNTRs 
B)  STRs 
C)  SNPs 
D)  thymine dimers 
E)  base pairs A

Question 4

DNA profiling was less useful in identifying remains from the 2004 tsunami than in criminal cases because

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA after the tsunami was too wet to analyze. 
B)  rescuers could not get to the scene of the tsunami in time to collect DNA. 
C)  the tsunami left few bodies with collectible DNA. 
D)  not enough repeats were profiled. 
E)  none of the victims were listed in the FBI's files. 
A)  the DNA after the tsunami was too wet to analyze. 
B)  rescuers could not get to the scene of the tsunami in time to collect DNA. 
C)  the tsunami left few bodies with collectible DNA. 
D)  not enough repeats were profiled. 
E)  none of the victims were listed in the FBI's files.

Question 5

Hardy-Weinberg calculations are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the binomial expansion. 
B)  the quadratic equation. 
C)  the Pythagorean theorem. 
D)  comparing DNA sequences. 
E)  monitoring phenotypes. 
A)  the binomial expansion. 
B)  the quadratic equation. 
C)  the Pythagorean theorem. 
D)  comparing DNA sequences. 
E)  monitoring phenotypes.

Question 6

A "cold hit" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA profile made from frozen DNA, such as from a wooly mammoth. 
B)  identifying a suspect from DNA alone. 
C)  a technology to preserve DNA. 
D)  using CODIS to identify the victim of a crime. 
E)  using mitochondrial DNA to take a DNA profile. 
A)  a DNA profile made from frozen DNA, such as from a wooly mammoth. 
B)  identifying a suspect from DNA alone. 
C)  a technology to preserve DNA. 
D)  using CODIS to identify the victim of a crime. 
E)  using mitochondrial DNA to take a DNA profile.

Question 7

Which group is used to calculate the frequency of an allele in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygous recessives 
B)  the most fertile individuals 
C)  homozygous dominants 
D)  heterozygotes 
E)  heterozygous dominants 
A)  homozygous recessives 
B)  the most fertile individuals 
C)  homozygous dominants 
D)  heterozygotes 
E)  heterozygous dominants

Question 8

A common source of DNA for forensic testing is

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin between the toes. 
B)  a skin scraped from inside the cheek. 
C)  the liver. 
D)  red blood cells. 
E)  mucus. 
A)  the skin between the toes. 
B)  a skin scraped from inside the cheek. 
C)  the liver. 
D)  red blood cells. 
E)  mucus.

Question 9

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,75 percent of the individuals have a dominant allele for a particular gene (p=0.75)and 25 percent have a recessive allele (q=0.25).The proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in the F1 generation will be

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5%. 
B)  6.25%. 
C)  18.75%. 
D)  25%. 
E)  0%. 
A)  2.5%. 
B)  6.25%. 
C)  18.75%. 
D)  25%. 
E)  0%.

Question 10

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,frequency of a dominant allele is

Accepted Answer

A)  p. 
B)  p2. 
C)  2pq. 
D)  q. 
E)  100%. 
A)  p. 
B)  p2. 
C)  2pq. 
D)  q. 
E)  100%.

Question 11

Mitochondrial DNA is helpful in obtaining a DNA profile for very degraded genetic material because

Accepted Answer

A)  cells have many mitochondria, and therefore several copies of mtDNA sequences. 
B)  the mitochondrial outer membrane protects it from being damaged. 
C)  mitochondria contain oxidative enzymes that protect the DNA. 
D)  mtDNA consists of a single helix, so it cannot be unwound. 
E)  it uses uracil instead of thymine, which is a more stable nitrogenous base. 
A)  cells have many mitochondria, and therefore several copies of mtDNA sequences. 
B)  the mitochondrial outer membrane protects it from being damaged. 
C)  mitochondria contain oxidative enzymes that protect the DNA. 
D)  mtDNA consists of a single helix, so it cannot be unwound. 
E)  it uses uracil instead of thymine, which is a more stable nitrogenous base.

Question 12

DNA analysis to determine genetic identity applies

Accepted Answer

A)  Mendel's law of independent assortment and the product rule. 
B)  Mendel's law of segregation and the product rule. 
C)  the central dogma. 
D)  the law of polymorphism. 
E)  Darwin's mathematical principles. 
A)  Mendel's law of independent assortment and the product rule. 
B)  Mendel's law of segregation and the product rule. 
C)  the central dogma. 
D)  the law of polymorphism. 
E)  Darwin's mathematical principles.

Question 13

Which choice describes a biological population?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bird, a lizard, and an insect in a cage at a zoo 
B)  an all-male army 
C)  people living in an apartment building 
D)  pebbles on a beach 
E)  a woman 
A)  a bird, a lizard, and an insect in a cage at a zoo 
B)  an all-male army 
C)  people living in an apartment building 
D)  pebbles on a beach 
E)  a woman

Question 14

VNTRs and STRs differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  a VNTR repeat is shorter than an STR repeat. 
B)  a VNTR repeat is longer than an STR repeat. 
C)  a VNTR is a type of copy number variant and an STR is not. 
D)  an STR is a type of copy number variant and a VNTR is not. 
E)  criminals have VNTRs and non-criminals have STRs. 
A)  a VNTR repeat is shorter than an STR repeat. 
B)  a VNTR repeat is longer than an STR repeat. 
C)  a VNTR is a type of copy number variant and an STR is not. 
D)  an STR is a type of copy number variant and a VNTR is not. 
E)  criminals have VNTRs and non-criminals have STRs.

Question 15

If one person in 50 is a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder in a population,the chance that an unrelated man and woman are both carriers is

Accepted Answer

A)  1/50. 
B)  1/100. 
C)  1/1000. 
D)  1/2500. 
E)  1/25000. 
A)  1/50. 
B)  1/100. 
C)  1/1000. 
D)  1/2500. 
E)  1/25000.

Question 16

If the incidence of Tay-Sachs is 1/3,600 Ashkenazim births,what is the heterozygote (carrier)frequency?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0003 
B)  0.029 
C)  0.286 
D)  0.684 
E)  near 1.0 
A)  0.0003 
B)  0.029 
C)  0.286 
D)  0.684 
E)  near 1.0

Question 17

If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3,600 live births,what is the carrier frequency?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0003 
B)  0.029 
C)  0.286 
D)  0.684 
E)  near 1.0 
A)  0.0003 
B)  0.029 
C)  0.286 
D)  0.684 
E)  near 1.0

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is possible only if the population is

Accepted Answer

A)  small, with no migration out of in, and females outnumbering males. 
B)  large, with random mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection. 
C)  small, with nonrandom mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or artificial selection. 
D)  large, with nonrandom mating, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection. 
E)  comprised of very young and fertile individuals and no newcomers arrive. 
A)  small, with no migration out of in, and females outnumbering males. 
B)  large, with random mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection. 
C)  small, with nonrandom mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or artificial selection. 
D)  large, with nonrandom mating, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection. 
E)  comprised of very young and fertile individuals and no newcomers arrive.

Question 19

Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

Accepted Answer

A)  p2. 
B)  2pq. 
C)  q2. 
D)  q. 
E)  100%. 
A)  p2. 
B)  2pq. 
C)  q2. 
D)  q. 
E)  100%.

Question 20

Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

Accepted Answer

A)  VNTRs are not found in all populations. 
B)  individuals are their own populations. 
C)  random mating does not occur in all populations. 
D)  alleles are invariant between all human populations. 
E)  some populations may be too small to base conclusions. 
A)  VNTRs are not found in all populations. 
B)  individuals are their own populations. 
C)  random mating does not occur in all populations. 
D)  alleles are invariant between all human populations. 
E)  some populations may be too small to base conclusions.

Exam 14: Constant Allele Frequencies

The difference between microevolution and macroevolution is that

In order to identify (or rule out identity)from a DNA sample that is a mixture,the investigator should know

Which of the following have the longest DNA sequences?

DNA profiling was less useful in identifying remains from the 2004 tsunami than in criminal cases because

Hardy-Weinberg calculations are based on

A "cold hit" refers to

Which group is used to calculate the frequency of an allele in a population?

A common source of DNA for forensic testing is

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,75 percent of the individuals have a dominant allele for a particular gene (p=0.75)and 25 percent have a recessive allele (q=0.25).The proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in the F1 generation will be

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,frequency of a dominant allele is

Mitochondrial DNA is helpful in obtaining a DNA profile for very degraded genetic material because

DNA analysis to determine genetic identity applies

Which choice describes a biological population?

VNTRs and STRs differ in that

If one person in 50 is a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder in a population,the chance that an unrelated man and woman are both carriers is

If the incidence of Tay-Sachs is 1/3,600 Ashkenazim births,what is the heterozygote (carrier)frequency?

If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3,600 live births,what is the carrier frequency?

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is possible only if the population is

Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

Overview of Genetics

Cells

Meiosis and Development

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Law

Matters of Sex

Multifactorial Traits

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From Dna to Protein

Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry

Genetics of Immunity

Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Technologies: Amplifying, Modifying, and Monitoring DNA

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

Filters

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,75 percent of the individuals have a dominant allele for a particular gene (p=0.75)and 25 percent have a recessive allele (q=0.25).The proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in the F₁ generation will be