Question 1

El Niño events

Accepted Answer

A)  occur when the Southern Oscillation index is high. 
B)  occur when barometric pressure is lower in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific. 
C)  include the appearance of warm currents on the Pacific coast of South America. 
D)  are always accompanied by La Niña events at the same time. 
E)  are accompanied by westward movement of the location of storm generation in the Pacific. 
A)  occur when the Southern Oscillation index is high. 
B)  occur when barometric pressure is lower in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific. 
C)  include the appearance of warm currents on the Pacific coast of South America. 
D)  are always accompanied by La Niña events at the same time. 
E)  are accompanied by westward movement of the location of storm generation in the Pacific. C

Question 2

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  yield more references. 
B)  yield fewer references. 
C)  exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D)  locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  yield more references. 
B)  yield fewer references. 
C)  exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D)  locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B)  Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D)  Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E)  Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior. 
A)  Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B)  Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D)  Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E)  Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior. A

Question 4

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrate. 
C)  PCBs. 
D)  lead paint. 
E)  chlorofluorocarbons. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrate. 
C)  PCBs. 
D)  lead paint. 
E)  chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 5

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Accepted Answer

A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere. 
A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere.

Question 6

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbs visible radiation. 
B)  emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C)  absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  reflects visible radiation. 
E)  dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater. 
A)  absorbs visible radiation. 
B)  emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C)  absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  reflects visible radiation. 
E)  dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater.

Question 7

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  predator-driven population cycles. 
B)  parasite population cycles. 
C)  sunspot cycles. 
D)  the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  predator-driven population cycles. 
B)  parasite population cycles. 
C)  sunspot cycles. 
D)  the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 8

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Accepted Answer

A)  warmer interglacial periods. 
B)  colder ice age periods. 
C)  years of above average precipitation. 
D)  years of below average precipitation. 
E)  both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation. 
A)  warmer interglacial periods. 
B)  colder ice age periods. 
C)  years of above average precipitation. 
D)  years of below average precipitation. 
E)  both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation.

Question 9

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A carbon dioxide concentration record from the Vostok ice core indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  little change in atmospheric CO2 concentration before the Industrial Revolution. 
B)  dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with ice ages. 
C)  dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with interglacials. 
D)  dramatic changes in atmospheric CO2, but no obvious association with the glacial/interglacial cycle. 
E)  an inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature. 
A)  little change in atmospheric CO2 concentration before the Industrial Revolution. 
B)  dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with ice ages. 
C)  dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with interglacials. 
D)  dramatic changes in atmospheric CO2, but no obvious association with the glacial/interglacial cycle. 
E)  an inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature.

Question 11

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  visible light, sun 
B)  ultraviolet radiation, earth 
C)  infrared radiation, sun 
D)  infrared radiation, earth 
E)  visible light, earth 
A)  visible light, sun 
B)  ultraviolet radiation, earth 
C)  infrared radiation, sun 
D)  infrared radiation, earth 
E)  visible light, earth

Question 12

The reduction in atmospheric 14C/12C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

Accepted Answer

Question 13

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Accepted Answer

A)  0.7$\circ$C 
B)  1.5$\circ$C 
C)  3.5$\circ$C 
D)  5.5$\circ$C 
E)  10.5$\circ$C 
A)  0.7$\circ$C 
B)  1.5$\circ$C 
C)  3.5$\circ$C 
D)  5.5$\circ$C 
E)  10.5$\circ$C

Question 14

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In the "U.S.LTER Network",LTER stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

Long Term

Question 16

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

Accepted Answer

A)  flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B)  decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C)  flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D)  decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E)  flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish. 
A)  flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B)  decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C)  flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D)  decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E)  flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish.

Question 17

During El Niño events,

Accepted Answer

A)  Australia experiences drought. 
B)  western North America experiences drought. 
C)  Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D)  populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E)  primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands. 
A)  Australia experiences drought. 
B)  western North America experiences drought. 
C)  Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D)  populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E)  primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands.

Question 18

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B)  lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C)  lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D)  higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E)  higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
A)  lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B)  lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C)  lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D)  higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E)  higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Question 20

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

Accepted Answer

A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Australia. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both North America and South America. 
A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Australia. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both North America and South America.

Exam 23: Global Ecology

El Niño events

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

A carbon dioxide concentration record from the Vostok ice core indicates

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

The reduction in atmospheric 14C/12C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

In the "U.S.LTER Network",LTER stands for ________.

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

During El Niño events,

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

By measuring the CO₂ concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO₂ concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO₂ concentration correspond with

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _ emitted by the _.

The reduction in atmospheric ¹⁴C/¹²C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.