Question 1

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth form 
B)  dispersal mode 
C)  disturbance intensity 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both growth form and dispersal mode 
A)  growth form 
B)  dispersal mode 
C)  disturbance intensity 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both growth form and dispersal mode D

Question 2

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. C

Question 3

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrient limitation 
B)  competition from established plants 
C)  shade 
D)  deep burial in soil 
E)  disturbance 
A)  nutrient limitation 
B)  competition from established plants 
C)  shade 
D)  deep burial in soil 
E)  disturbance E

Question 4

A fish maturing late with large body size and producing many small offspring would be said to have a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  periodic life history. 
B)  opportunistic life history. 
C)  equilibrium life history. 
D)  precocial life history. 
E)  stress-tolerant life history. 
A)  periodic life history. 
B)  opportunistic life history. 
C)  equilibrium life history. 
D)  precocial life history. 
E)  stress-tolerant life history.

Question 5

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals. 
B)  altricial birds. 
C)  lizards. 
D)  both mammals and lizards. 
E)  All three groups have similar values. 
A)  mammals. 
B)  altricial birds. 
C)  lizards. 
D)  both mammals and lizards. 
E)  All three groups have similar values.

Question 6

A polymorphic locus is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment. 
A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment.

Question 7

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to...

Question 8

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Accepted Answer

A)  ants. 
B)  wind. 
C)  water. 
D)  birds. 
E)  scatterhoarding mammals. 
A)  ants. 
B)  wind. 
C)  water. 
D)  birds. 
E)  scatterhoarding mammals.

Question 9

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

Accepted Answer

A)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
A)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true.

Question 10

A "forb" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species. 
A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species.

Question 11

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; gene flow 
B)  positive; egg number 
C)  positive; female size 
D)  positive; clutch size 
E)  negative; gene flow 
A)  positive; gene flow 
B)  positive; egg number 
C)  positive; female size 
D)  positive; clutch size 
E)  negative; gene flow

Question 12

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In Grime's classification,stress-tolerant plants

Accepted Answer

A)  live under conditions of high stress and also high disturbance. 
B)  grow rapidly. 
C)  are very palatable to herbivores. 
D)  conserve nutrients and water. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  live under conditions of high stress and also high disturbance. 
B)  grow rapidly. 
C)  are very palatable to herbivores. 
D)  conserve nutrients and water. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

According to research by Westoby,Leishman,and Lord,plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes.Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
B)  unassisted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
C)  scatterhoarded, vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, adhesion-adapted 
D)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded 
E)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, wind-dispersed, ant-dispersed 
A)  vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
B)  unassisted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
C)  scatterhoarded, vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, adhesion-adapted 
D)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded 
E)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, wind-dispersed, ant-dispersed

Question 15

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  iteroparity 
B)  small body size 
C)  rapid development 
D)  high rmax 
E)  early reproduction 
A)  iteroparity 
B)  small body size 
C)  rapid development 
D)  high rmax 
E)  early reproduction

Question 16

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices. 
A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices.

Question 17

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  forbs 
B)  woody plants 
C)  climbing plants and vines 
D)  graminoids 
E)  herbs 
A)  forbs 
B)  woody plants 
C)  climbing plants and vines 
D)  graminoids 
E)  herbs

Question 18

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bird species whose offspring are born helpless...

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  high population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  seriously impacted by human activities 
A)  plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  high population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  seriously impacted by human activities

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  low intrinsic rate of increase 
B)  late reproduction 
C)  many, small offspring 
D)  repeated bouts of reproduction 
E)  strong competitive ability 
A)  low intrinsic rate of increase 
B)  late reproduction 
C)  many, small offspring 
D)  repeated bouts of reproduction 
E)  strong competitive ability

Exam 12: Life Histories

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

A fish maturing late with large body size and producing many small offspring would be said to have a(n)

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

A polymorphic locus is one that

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

A "forb" is a(n)

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

In Grime's classification,stress-tolerant plants

According to research by Westoby,Leishman,and Lord,plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes.Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Turner and Trexler found a __ relationship between egg size and in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.