Question 1

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  competitors. 
B)  precocial. 
C)  mutualists. 
D)  allopatric. 
E)  sympatric. 
A)  competitors. 
B)  precocial. 
C)  mutualists. 
D)  allopatric. 
E)  sympatric. E

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Accepted Answer

A)  the height of tidal fluctuations 
B)  the fetch of the estuary 
C)  latitude 
D)  temperature 
E)  rainfall frequency 
A)  the height of tidal fluctuations 
B)  the fetch of the estuary 
C)  latitude 
D)  temperature 
E)  rainfall frequency E

Question 3

Competition between members of a single species is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort specific competition. 
B)  species specific competition. 
C)  interspecific competition. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  interference competition. 
A)  cohort specific competition. 
B)  species specific competition. 
C)  interspecific competition. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  interference competition. D

Question 4

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement. 
B)  the niche. 
C)  self-thinning rule. 
D)  competitive exclusion principle. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  character displacement. 
B)  the niche. 
C)  self-thinning rule. 
D)  competitive exclusion principle. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Ecologists sometimes use __________________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement 
B)  mathematical or laboratory models 
C)  competition coefficients 
D)  replication 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  character displacement 
B)  mathematical or laboratory models 
C)  competition coefficients 
D)  replication 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller bodies. 
B)  smaller bills. 
C)  earlier maturation. 
D)  larger bills. 
E)  larger territories. 
A)  smaller bodies. 
B)  smaller bills. 
C)  earlier maturation. 
D)  larger bills. 
E)  larger territories.

Question 7

Intraspecific competition for limited resources can play a key role in slowing population growth at high densities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B)  intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C)  intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D)  predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E)  Actually, the model implies that two competitors can never coexist. 
A)  interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B)  intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C)  intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D)  predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E)  Actually, the model implies that two competitors can never coexist.

Question 9

Experiments with terrestrial isopods demonstrate that competition can occur only when food resources are limiting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements about damselfish on Jamaican reefs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damselfish engage in both intraspecific and interspecific competition. 
B)  Damselfish compete for territories they use for feeding. 
C)  Damselfish attack intruders threatening their young. 
D)  Damselfish without territories die. 
E)  Competition in damselfish is "interference" competition. 
A)  Damselfish engage in both intraspecific and interspecific competition. 
B)  Damselfish compete for territories they use for feeding. 
C)  Damselfish attack intruders threatening their young. 
D)  Damselfish without territories die. 
E)  Competition in damselfish is "interference" competition.

Question 11

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed),the slope of the relationship is very often around

Accepted Answer

A)  -1/2. 
B)  -1. 
C)  -3/2. 
D)  +1/2. 
E)  +3/2. 
A)  -1/2. 
B)  -1. 
C)  -3/2. 
D)  +1/2. 
E)  +3/2.

Question 12

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model,the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Accepted Answer

A)  the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B)  the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C)  both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D)  population density in response to competition, as population biomass increases. 
E)  population density due to grazing by herbivores. 
A)  the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B)  the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C)  both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D)  population density in response to competition, as population biomass increases. 
E)  population density due to grazing by herbivores.

Question 14

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Accepted Answer

A)  T. confusum and T. castaneum had identical niches. 
B)  T. confusum and T. castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C)  T. confusum and T. castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D)  T. confusum and T. castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions, but not all. 
E)  T. confusum and T. castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation. 
A)  T. confusum and T. castaneum had identical niches. 
B)  T. confusum and T. castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C)  T. confusum and T. castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D)  T. confusum and T. castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions, but not all. 
E)  T. confusum and T. castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation.

Question 15

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B)  The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C)  Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D)  There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E)  All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement. 
A)  Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B)  The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C)  Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D)  There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E)  All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement.

Question 16

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are...

Question 17

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Accepted Answer

A)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C)  aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D)  aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E)  belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
A)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C)  aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D)  aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E)  belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.

Question 18

When a new species arises through hybridization followed by doubling of chromosome number,the process is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a new species arises through hybridization...

Question 19

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory experiments include controls, but field experiments need not. 
B)  field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C)  laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled, while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D)  field experiments can teach us about ecological systems, but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E)  field experiments are often used by ecologists, but laboratory experiments never are. 
A)  laboratory experiments include controls, but field experiments need not. 
B)  field experiments can be more easily replicated than laboratory experiments. 
C)  laboratory experiments allow variables not of direct interest to be controlled, while in field experiments these typically vary. 
D)  field experiments can teach us about ecological systems, but laboratory experiments cannot. 
E)  field experiments are often used by ecologists, but laboratory experiments never are.

Question 20

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Accepted Answer

A)  results in reduced survivorship. 
B)  results in increased development time. 
C)  occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D)  occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  results in reduced survivorship. 
B)  results in increased development time. 
C)  occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D)  occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 13: Competition

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Competition between members of a single species is called

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for:

Ecologists sometimes use __________________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands,the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Intraspecific competition for limited resources can play a key role in slowing population growth at high densities.

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Experiments with terrestrial isopods demonstrate that competition can occur only when food resources are limiting.

Which of the following statements about damselfish on Jamaican reefs is false?

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed),the slope of the relationship is very often around

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model,the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

In plants,"self-thinning" refers to reduction in

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles,which of the following was true?

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ____________.

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

When a new species arises through hybridization followed by doubling of chromosome number,the process is called _____________.

Field experiments differ from laboratory experiments in that

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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