Question 1

The low productivity of arctic tundra ecosystems results

Accepted Answer

A)  entirely because tundra has low evapotranspiration. 
B)  entirely because tundra soils are low in nutrients. 
C)  entirely because tundra soils retain water poorly. 
D)  because tundra soils have low nutrients and retain water poorly. 
E)  because tundra has low evapotranspiration and low-nutrient soils. 
A)  entirely because tundra has low evapotranspiration. 
B)  entirely because tundra soils are low in nutrients. 
C)  entirely because tundra soils retain water poorly. 
D)  because tundra soils have low nutrients and retain water poorly. 
E)  because tundra has low evapotranspiration and low-nutrient soils. E

Question 2

Actual evapotranspiration rates are highest in ____________ climates.

Accepted Answer

A)  warm, moist 
B)  cold, moist 
C)  warm, dry 
D)  cold, dry 
E)  actual evapotranspiration rate is not affected by climate 
A)  warm, moist 
B)  cold, moist 
C)  warm, dry 
D)  cold, dry 
E)  actual evapotranspiration rate is not affected by climate A

Question 3

You are comparing two population means with a Student's t-Test.If the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t,you accept the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference between the population means.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The rate of primary production on the Serengeti grassland is positively correlated with

Accepted Answer

A)  rainfall. 
B)  moderate grazing. 
C)  high-intensity grazing. 
D)  both rainfall and moderate grazing. 
E)  both rainfall and high-intensity grazing. 
A)  rainfall. 
B)  moderate grazing. 
C)  high-intensity grazing. 
D)  both rainfall and moderate grazing. 
E)  both rainfall and high-intensity grazing.

Question 5

Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________ in most food webs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________...

Question 6

Primary production is lowest in which ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  creosote bush desert 
B)  annual grassland 
C)  subalpine forest 
D)  temperate deciduous forest 
E)  tropical forest 
A)  creosote bush desert 
B)  annual grassland 
C)  subalpine forest 
D)  temperate deciduous forest 
E)  tropical forest

Question 7

Nitrogen stable isotopes are useful tools for the study of food web structure because isotope ratios

Accepted Answer

A)  change in predictable ways across trophic levels. 
B)  often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
C)  for a predator exactly match the isotope ratio in its prey. 
D)  both change in predictable ways across trophic levels and often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
A)  change in predictable ways across trophic levels. 
B)  often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer. 
C)  for a predator exactly match the isotope ratio in its prey. 
D)  both change in predictable ways across trophic levels and often vary among alternative food sources for a consumer.

Question 8

"Actual evapotranspiration" for an ecosystem refers to the amount of water that

Accepted Answer

A)  is taken up from soils by plant roots. 
B)  evaporates from soils. 
C)  is transpired by plants. 
D)  evaporates from soils plus the amount transpired by plants. 
E)  could evaporate from soils, if they were kept wet at all times. 
A)  is taken up from soils by plant roots. 
B)  evaporates from soils. 
C)  is transpired by plants. 
D)  evaporates from soils plus the amount transpired by plants. 
E)  could evaporate from soils, if they were kept wet at all times.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct relationship between gross primary production (GPP),net primary production (NPP),and respiration (RESP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  GPP = NPP - RESP 
B)  RESP = GPP + NPP 
C)  NPP = GPP - RESP 
D)  NPP = GPP + RESP 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  GPP = NPP - RESP 
B)  RESP = GPP + NPP 
C)  NPP = GPP - RESP 
D)  NPP = GPP + RESP 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

The total amount of energy fixed by autotrophs in an ecosystem is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

gross prim

Question 11

Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
B)  nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
C)  phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in dry meadows. 
D)  nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in wet meadows. 
E)  nitrogen and phosphorus jointly limit primary production in wet meadows. 
A)  phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
B)  nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
C)  phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in dry meadows. 
D)  nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in wet meadows. 
E)  nitrogen and phosphorus jointly limit primary production in wet meadows.

Question 12

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,large grazing mammals consume what fraction of total primary production?

Accepted Answer

A)  a negligibly small amount 
B)  about 10% 
C)  about 25% 
D)  about 66% 
E)  nearly all 
A)  a negligibly small amount 
B)  about 10% 
C)  about 25% 
D)  about 66% 
E)  nearly all

Question 13

An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  prey level 
B)  production level 
C)  consumption level 
D)  trophic level 
E)  predator level 
A)  prey level 
B)  production level 
C)  consumption level 
D)  trophic level 
E)  predator level

Question 14

Leibig's "Law of the Minimum" stated that

Accepted Answer

A)  the lowest primary productivity occurs in the coldest ecosystems. 
B)  primary productivity is typically controlled entirely by climate. 
C)  primary productivity is typically controlled by both climate and soil nutrients. 
D)  a single soil nutrient typically limits primary productivity. 
E)  the highest primary productivity occurs at the lowest trophic level. 
A)  the lowest primary productivity occurs in the coldest ecosystems. 
B)  primary productivity is typically controlled entirely by climate. 
C)  primary productivity is typically controlled by both climate and soil nutrients. 
D)  a single soil nutrient typically limits primary productivity. 
E)  the highest primary productivity occurs at the lowest trophic level.

Question 15

The production of new organic matter,or biomass,by autotrophs in a system is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary production 
B)  primary construction 
C)  trophic production 
D)  trophic gain 
E)  autotrophic gain 
A)  primary production 
B)  primary construction 
C)  trophic production 
D)  trophic gain 
E)  autotrophic gain

Question 16

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the fraction of available solar energy fixed by primary producers is

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 2%. 
B)  approximately 15%. 
C)  approximately 50%. 
D)  nearly all of it. 
E)  Primary producers do not fix solar energy. 
A)  approximately 2%. 
B)  approximately 15%. 
C)  approximately 50%. 
D)  nearly all of it. 
E)  Primary producers do not fix solar energy.

Question 17

The terrestrial ecosystems with highest primary production are usually those that are

Accepted Answer

A)  warm and wet. 
B)  warm and dry. 
C)  cool and wet. 
D)  cool and dry. 
E)  intermediate in both temperature and moisture. 
A)  warm and wet. 
B)  warm and dry. 
C)  cool and wet. 
D)  cool and dry. 
E)  intermediate in both temperature and moisture.

Question 18

Among marine systems,primary productivity is highest in tropical portions of the major oceans,far from terrestrial influences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The influences of nutrients and temperatures on ecosystem properties are part of what ecologists call "bottom-up controls."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,intensive grazing by large mammals greatly decreases primary productivity in the grazed areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Primary Production and Energy Flow

The low productivity of arctic tundra ecosystems results

Actual evapotranspiration rates are highest in ____________ climates.

You are comparing two population means with a Student's t-Test.If the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t,you accept the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference between the population means.

The rate of primary production on the Serengeti grassland is positively correlated with

Primary producers make up the first,or basal,____________ in most food webs.

Primary production is lowest in which ecosystem?

Nitrogen stable isotopes are useful tools for the study of food web structure because isotope ratios

"Actual evapotranspiration" for an ecosystem refers to the amount of water that

Which of the following is the correct relationship between gross primary production (GPP),net primary production (NPP),and respiration (RESP)?

The total amount of energy fixed by autotrophs in an ecosystem is called ________________.

Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,large grazing mammals consume what fraction of total primary production?

An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.

Leibig's "Law of the Minimum" stated that

The production of new organic matter,or biomass,by autotrophs in a system is called ____________.

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the fraction of available solar energy fixed by primary producers is

The terrestrial ecosystems with highest primary production are usually those that are

Among marine systems,primary productivity is highest in tropical portions of the major oceans,far from terrestrial influences.

The influences of nutrients and temperatures on ecosystem properties are part of what ecologists call "bottom-up controls."

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,intensive grazing by large mammals greatly decreases primary productivity in the grazed areas.

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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