Question 1

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush,Larrea tridentata,changes in the following sequence as they grow:

Accepted Answer

A)  clumped, regular, random 
B)  regular, random, clumped 
C)  random, regular, clumped 
D)  random, clumped, regular 
E)  clumped, random, regular 
A)  clumped, regular, random 
B)  regular, random, clumped 
C)  random, regular, clumped 
D)  random, clumped, regular 
E)  clumped, random, regular E

Question 2

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B)  Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C)  Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D)  Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E)  Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale 
A)  Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B)  Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C)  Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D)  Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E)  Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale D

Question 3

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth, survival, and reproduction of a species. 
B)  The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C)  The "fundamental" niche refers to physical, but not biological, aspects of the environment. 
D)  Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E)  In the laboratory, two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture. 
A)  The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth, survival, and reproduction of a species. 
B)  The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C)  The "fundamental" niche refers to physical, but not biological, aspects of the environment. 
D)  Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E)  In the laboratory, two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture. E

Question 4

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random 
A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random

Question 5

'Rarity II' can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations.

Question 6

Density is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Often an organism with a broad habitat tolerance is called a generalist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance...

Question 9

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of a single species 
B)  has an age distribution 
C)  has a birth rate 
D)  has an emigration rate 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  consists of a single species 
B)  has an age distribution 
C)  has a birth rate 
D)  has an emigration rate 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare,ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely...

Question 12

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The tiger beetle Cicindela longilabris inhabits higher latitudes and elevations than other North American tiger beetles; Schultz,Quinlan,and Hadley concluded that all of the following factors contributed to these cooler environmental preferences except:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher metabolic rates. 
B)  lower body temperatures. 
C)  increased water proofing. 
D)  both higher metabolic rates and lower body temperatures. 
E)  both higher metabolic rates and increased water proofing. 
A)  higher metabolic rates. 
B)  lower body temperatures. 
C)  increased water proofing. 
D)  both higher metabolic rates and lower body temperatures. 
E)  both higher metabolic rates and increased water proofing.

Question 14

The __________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live,in the absence of interaction with other species.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche 
A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche

Question 15

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Accepted Answer

A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature 
A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature

Question 16

In general,research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases,population density also increases.
Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Draw a scatter plot of the general relationship between organism size and population density.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In a _____________ distribution,individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some than in others.

Accepted Answer

A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned 
A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned

Question 18

Often small scale distribution patterns gathered from mountain gradients can be used to draw conclusions about large scale distribution patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Caughly's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus,M.fuliginosus,and M.rufus)suggests the

Accepted Answer

A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Caughley found the distributions of the three largest kangaroo species in Australia are determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  hunting pressure. 
B)  severe competition for den sites. 
C)  severe predation. 
D)  climate. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  hunting pressure. 
B)  severe competition for den sites. 
C)  severe predation. 
D)  climate. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 9: Population Distribution and Abundance

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush,Larrea tridentata,changes in the following sequence as they grow:

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

'Rarity II' can be described as

Density is defined as

Often an organism with a broad habitat tolerance is called a generalist.

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________________________.

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare,ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________________ pattern.

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

The tiger beetle Cicindela longilabris inhabits higher latitudes and elevations than other North American tiger beetles; Schultz,Quinlan,and Hadley concluded that all of the following factors contributed to these cooler environmental preferences except:

The __________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live,in the absence of interaction with other species.

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

In general,research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases,population density also increases. Learning Outcome: 09.04.01 Draw a scatter plot of the general relationship between organism size and population density.

In a _____________ distribution,individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some than in others.

Often small scale distribution patterns gathered from mountain gradients can be used to draw conclusions about large scale distribution patterns.

Caughly's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus,M.fuliginosus,and M.rufus)suggests the

Caughley found the distributions of the three largest kangaroo species in Australia are determined by

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

The rarest animal is the _________ and the rarest plant is the _.

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was ______.