Question 1

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste,excreted into water by bony fishes,aquatic invertebrates,and aquatic amphibians,is

Accepted Answer

A) urea. 
B) uric acid. 
C) amino acid. 
D) ammonia. 
E) uracil. 
A) urea. 
B) uric acid. 
C) amino acid. 
D) ammonia. 
E) uracil. D

Question 2

Which substance is normally found in the glomerular filtrate but not in urine?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) salts 
C) water 
D) uric acid 
E) All are components of glomerular filtrate and urine. 
A) glucose 
B) salts 
C) water 
D) uric acid 
E) All are components of glomerular filtrate and urine. A

Question 3

Excretion is a process in which ____ is (are)removed from the body.

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) salt 
C) feces 
D) metabolic wastes 
E) hormones 
A) water 
B) salt 
C) feces 
D) metabolic wastes 
E) hormones D

Question 4

Which of the following organisms is mismatched with their organs of excretion?

Accepted Answer

A) Planarians - flame cells 
B) Earthworms - nephridia 
C) Malpighian tubules - reptiles 
D) Kidneys - humans 
A) Planarians - flame cells 
B) Earthworms - nephridia 
C) Malpighian tubules - reptiles 
D) Kidneys - humans

Question 5

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A) loop of nephron-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
B) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
C) distal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron--collecting duct 
D) proximal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
E) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-collecting duct 
A) loop of nephron-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
B) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
C) distal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron--collecting duct 
D) proximal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
E) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-collecting duct

Question 6

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A) helps with defecation. 
B) is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C) stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D) transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E) filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream. 
A) helps with defecation. 
B) is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C) stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D) transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E) filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.

Question 7

Why is it advantageous for the embryos of reptiles and birds to produce uric acid instead of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A) Uric acid is relatively nontoxic and won't harm the developing embryo as it is stored inside of the egg.Ammonia is far more toxic and could cause developmental problems if it was confined to the interior of an egg alongside of the embryo. 
B) Uric acid will diffuse out of the shell whereas ammonia would be trapped inside of the shell with the developing embryo. 
C) Uric acid can be recycled by the developing embryo and used as an alternative source of energy.Ammonia cannot be used as an alternative source of energy. 
D) The uric acid can be broken down much easier than the ammonia by the excretory system of these animals. 
A) Uric acid is relatively nontoxic and won't harm the developing embryo as it is stored inside of the egg.Ammonia is far more toxic and could cause developmental problems if it was confined to the interior of an egg alongside of the embryo. 
B) Uric acid will diffuse out of the shell whereas ammonia would be trapped inside of the shell with the developing embryo. 
C) Uric acid can be recycled by the developing embryo and used as an alternative source of energy.Ammonia cannot be used as an alternative source of energy. 
D) The uric acid can be broken down much easier than the ammonia by the excretory system of these animals.

Question 8

What are the potential consequences if a person's kidney suddenly stopped secreting the normal hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) The person would have trouble regulating their blood volume and pressure due to the imbalance of salt in the blood stream. 
B) There would be an increase in the amount of water retained in the body,leading to edema. 
C) There would be a significant increase in the amount of potassium that is excreted by the kidneys. 
D) All of the choices are potential consequences. 
A) The person would have trouble regulating their blood volume and pressure due to the imbalance of salt in the blood stream. 
B) There would be an increase in the amount of water retained in the body,leading to edema. 
C) There would be a significant increase in the amount of potassium that is excreted by the kidneys. 
D) All of the choices are potential consequences.

Question 9

In aquatic vertebrates,which kidney function is critical to helping the organism maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) The kidneys function to maintain the balance between water and several types of salts. 
B) The kidneys produce a concentrated form of urine that will help decrease the amount of water lost by the organism. 
C) The kidneys have an incredible high rate of tubular reabsorption that allows them to be extremely efficient. 
D) The kidneys are relatively small and only require a limited blood supply to maintain their function. 
E) The kidneys will produce white blood cells that will assist the organism in defense of the body. 
A) The kidneys function to maintain the balance between water and several types of salts. 
B) The kidneys produce a concentrated form of urine that will help decrease the amount of water lost by the organism. 
C) The kidneys have an incredible high rate of tubular reabsorption that allows them to be extremely efficient. 
D) The kidneys are relatively small and only require a limited blood supply to maintain their function. 
E) The kidneys will produce white blood cells that will assist the organism in defense of the body.

Question 10

Nutrient molecules are taken back into the blood from the urinary filtrate by means of

Accepted Answer

A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration. 
A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration.

Question 11

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

Accepted Answer

A) urethra 
B) cloaca 
C) nephridia 
D) flame cells 
A) urethra 
B) cloaca 
C) nephridia 
D) flame cells

Question 12

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Accepted Answer

A) lower blood pressure. 
B) lower blood volume. 
C) decrease hydrogen ion excretion and decrease sodium and bicarbonate ion absorption. 
D) inhibit aldosterone secretion. 
E) increase blood volume and pressure. 
A) lower blood pressure. 
B) lower blood volume. 
C) decrease hydrogen ion excretion and decrease sodium and bicarbonate ion absorption. 
D) inhibit aldosterone secretion. 
E) increase blood volume and pressure.

Question 13

Why is the secretion of uric acid beneficial to organisms that live in hot and dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A) Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic. 
B) Uric acid has a high degree of solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic. 
C) Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion which allows the organism to use it as a defense mechanism. 
D) Uric acid can be readily reabsorbed by the urinary system so it decreases the amount of waste produced by the organism. 
A) Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic. 
B) Uric acid has a high degree of solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic. 
C) Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion which allows the organism to use it as a defense mechanism. 
D) Uric acid can be readily reabsorbed by the urinary system so it decreases the amount of waste produced by the organism.

Question 14

Water follows sodium ions out of the renal filtrate in the tubules and into blood by means of

Accepted Answer

A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration. Incorrect 
A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration. Incorrect

Question 15

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring and maintaining blood pH 
B) regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood 
C) elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea,uric acid,and creatinine 
D) hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels 
E) production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3) 
A) monitoring and maintaining blood pH 
B) regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood 
C) elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea,uric acid,and creatinine 
D) hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels 
E) production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3)

Question 16

Which type of animal is most likely to gain water by osmosis from its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) marine bony fishes 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) cartilaginous fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) birds 
A) marine bony fishes 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) cartilaginous fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) birds

Question 17

Among aquatic animals,only the blood of ____ is nearly isotonic to seawater.

Accepted Answer

A) whales 
B) freshwater bony fish 
C) marine bony fish 
D) cartilaginous fish 
E) salamanders 
A) whales 
B) freshwater bony fish 
C) marine bony fish 
D) cartilaginous fish 
E) salamanders

Question 18

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A) less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B) more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C) more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E) increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood. 
A) less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B) more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C) more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E) increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.

Question 19

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs.Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump. 
B) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart. 
E) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss and salt was bad for the heart. 
A) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump. 
B) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart. 
E) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss and salt was bad for the heart.

Question 20

Penicillin leaves the blood plasma through tubular walls and not through the glomerulus.Therefore,penicillin is removed from the blood by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) tubular secretion. 
D) diffusion. 
E) tubular reabsorption. Incorrect 
A) osmosis. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) tubular secretion. 
D) diffusion. 
E) tubular reabsorption. Incorrect

Exam 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste,excreted into water by bony fishes,aquatic invertebrates,and aquatic amphibians,is

Which substance is normally found in the glomerular filtrate but not in urine?

Excretion is a process in which ____ is (are)removed from the body.

Which of the following organisms is mismatched with their organs of excretion?

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Why is it advantageous for the embryos of reptiles and birds to produce uric acid instead of ammonia?

What are the potential consequences if a person's kidney suddenly stopped secreting the normal hormones?

In aquatic vertebrates,which kidney function is critical to helping the organism maintaining homeostasis?

Nutrient molecules are taken back into the blood from the urinary filtrate by means of

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Why is the secretion of uric acid beneficial to organisms that live in hot and dry environments?

Water follows sodium ions out of the renal filtrate in the tubules and into blood by means of

Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Which type of animal is most likely to gain water by osmosis from its environment?

Among aquatic animals,only the blood of ____ is nearly isotonic to seawater.

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs.Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Penicillin leaves the blood plasma through tubular walls and not through the glomerulus.Therefore,penicillin is removed from the blood by the process of

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