Question 1

Which genotype is most likely to survive in a region of the world that contains malaria?

Accepted Answer

A) Homozygous recessive for hemoglobin shape 
B) Heterozygous for hemoglobin shape 
C) Homozygous dominant for hemoglobin shape 
D) All genotypes have the same potential for survival in a region that contains malaria Incorrect 
A) Homozygous recessive for hemoglobin shape 
B) Heterozygous for hemoglobin shape 
C) Homozygous dominant for hemoglobin shape 
D) All genotypes have the same potential for survival in a region that contains malaria Incorrect B

Question 2

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent,than it is in regions where there is no malaria.This is due to a:

Accepted Answer

A) heterozygous advantage 
B) Founder Effect 
C) frequency dependent selection 
D) bottleneck effect 
A) heterozygous advantage 
B) Founder Effect 
C) frequency dependent selection 
D) bottleneck effect A

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is not necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) Large gene pool 
B) No migration 
C) Mutation 
D) Random mating 
E) No selection Incorrect: A large gene pool is necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
A) Large gene pool 
B) No migration 
C) Mutation 
D) Random mating 
E) No selection Incorrect: A large gene pool is necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. C

Question 4

Mutations that result in resistance to specific antibiotics in bacterial organisms occur:

Accepted Answer

A) only when the bacteria are exposed to the drug to which they become resistant. 
B) more often when the bacteria are exposed to the drug. 
C) at any time,even when the bacteria are not exposed to the drug. 
D) only when the bacteria are exposed to radiation or other mutagens. 
A) only when the bacteria are exposed to the drug to which they become resistant. 
B) more often when the bacteria are exposed to the drug. 
C) at any time,even when the bacteria are not exposed to the drug. 
D) only when the bacteria are exposed to radiation or other mutagens.

Question 5

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Accepted Answer

A) Sexual selection 
B) Genetic mutations 
C) Gene flow 
D) Natural selection Correct 
A) Sexual selection 
B) Genetic mutations 
C) Gene flow 
D) Natural selection Correct

Question 6

Which of the following would change the allele frequencies of a population?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is stable from generation to generation and does not change,so allele frequencies do not change. 
B) Tall people in a population preferentially marry other tall people and do not marry people who are short or average height. 
C) A population on an island remains isolated and no one leaves or moves onto the island. 
D) All of the above would change allele frequencies of a population. 
A) DNA is stable from generation to generation and does not change,so allele frequencies do not change. 
B) Tall people in a population preferentially marry other tall people and do not marry people who are short or average height. 
C) A population on an island remains isolated and no one leaves or moves onto the island. 
D) All of the above would change allele frequencies of a population.

Question 7

An allele becomes the most common allele in a population by becoming the dominant allele.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype. 
B) Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes. 
C) Disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype. 
D) Directional selection leads to improved selection in a stable environment. 
E) Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism,favoring different forms of the same species. 
A) Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype. 
B) Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes. 
C) Disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype. 
D) Directional selection leads to improved selection in a stable environment. 
E) Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism,favoring different forms of the same species.

Question 10

Variations within a population are maintained by

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) genetic recombination due to fertilization. 
C) gene flow. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) mutation. 
B) genetic recombination due to fertilization. 
C) gene flow. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

Accepted Answer

A) evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging environment 
B) evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing environment 
C) very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation 
D) no evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same 
A) evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging environment 
B) evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing environment 
C) very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation 
D) no evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same

Question 12

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait that is therefore hidden in much of the human population.A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75)are right-handed and 9 (0.25)are left-handed.Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula,what would the expected genotypes and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.75 homozygous dominant and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 3-to-1,right-to-left handed allele ratio in the population. 
B) 0.25 homozygous dominant,0.50 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.75 dominant allele frequency and a 0.25 recessive allele frequency. 
C) 0.25 homozygous dominant,0.50 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele. 
D) 0.50 homozygous dominant,0.25 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele. 
E) They cannot be estimated using these limited data. 
A) 0.75 homozygous dominant and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 3-to-1,right-to-left handed allele ratio in the population. 
B) 0.25 homozygous dominant,0.50 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.75 dominant allele frequency and a 0.25 recessive allele frequency. 
C) 0.25 homozygous dominant,0.50 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele. 
D) 0.50 homozygous dominant,0.25 heterozygous,and 0.25 homozygous recessive,and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele. 
E) They cannot be estimated using these limited data.

Question 13

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area at the same time are known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) subspecies. 
B) gene pool. 
C) population. 
D) group. 
E) sub-population. 
A) subspecies. 
B) gene pool. 
C) population. 
D) group. 
E) sub-population.

Question 14

The bottleneck effect is thought to be responsible for the loss of variability and loss of fertility in the cheetah species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant allele is

Accepted Answer

A) gene mutation. 
B) polymorphism. 
C) gene frequency. 
D) disruption. 
A) gene mutation. 
B) polymorphism. 
C) gene frequency. 
D) disruption.

Question 16

Perissodus are small,scale-eating fish that live in Lake Tanganyika in Africa.They attack larger fish from behind.The right-mouthed Perissodus attack on the left side of the larger fish and the left-mouthed Perissodus attack on the right side of the larger fish.The existence of the right-mouthed variety ensures the equally successful existence of the left-mouthed variety.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) a heterozygous advantage 
B) frequency dependent selection 
C) genetic drift 
D) sexual selection 
A) a heterozygous advantage 
B) frequency dependent selection 
C) genetic drift 
D) sexual selection

Question 17

In the case of the peppered moths in England,when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees,he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) The organisms vary in traits and that these traits may be acquired during a lifetime. 
B) The variation is inherited. 
C) More young are born than can survive,so there will always be competition. 
D) Some individuals are better adapted to a particular environment than other individuals. 
A) The organisms vary in traits and that these traits may be acquired during a lifetime. 
B) The variation is inherited. 
C) More young are born than can survive,so there will always be competition. 
D) Some individuals are better adapted to a particular environment than other individuals.

Question 18

What type of selection is occurring in a population if the distribution graph shifts from the left end of the spectrum to the far right end?

Accepted Answer

A) directional 
B) stabilizing 
C) disruptive 
D) Populations do not undergo selection,they are fixed. Correct 
A) directional 
B) stabilizing 
C) disruptive 
D) Populations do not undergo selection,they are fixed. Correct

Question 19

Over the course of millions of years various environments have changed.As grasslands slowly took the place of forests the inhabitants were forced to adapt or they went extinct.During this time period the horse evolved from a small cat sized creature to the size of the modern horses we see today.This is an example of which type of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) Directional 
B) Disruptive 
C) Stabilizing 
D) The horse did not undergo any type of Natural Selection during the course of its evolution. 
E) The horse has not been on the Earth for millions of years. 
A) Directional 
B) Disruptive 
C) Stabilizing 
D) The horse did not undergo any type of Natural Selection during the course of its evolution. 
E) The horse has not been on the Earth for millions of years.

Question 20

Which of the following reflect(s)the likely presence of (a)gene mutation(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Fruit flies subjected to intense radiation produce a wider array of variable offspring. 
B) A chemical leaking from the surface of an old abandoned coal mine alters a regulatory gene so that a cricket nymph develops an extra set of eyes. 
C) The bacteria that cause gonorrhea,a common sexually transmitted disease,have previously been killed by penicillin; however,after continuous usage of the antibiotic,penicillin-resistant strains are now becoming prevalent. 
D) Radiation causes an alteration in a DNA nucleotide sequence,which is discovered when mapped,but which appears to be neither increasing nor decreasing in successive generations. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Fruit flies subjected to intense radiation produce a wider array of variable offspring. 
B) A chemical leaking from the surface of an old abandoned coal mine alters a regulatory gene so that a cricket nymph develops an extra set of eyes. 
C) The bacteria that cause gonorrhea,a common sexually transmitted disease,have previously been killed by penicillin; however,after continuous usage of the antibiotic,penicillin-resistant strains are now becoming prevalent. 
D) Radiation causes an alteration in a DNA nucleotide sequence,which is discovered when mapped,but which appears to be neither increasing nor decreasing in successive generations. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

Which genotype is most likely to survive in a region of the world that contains malaria?

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent,than it is in regions where there is no malaria.This is due to a:

Which of the following conditions is not necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Mutations that result in resistance to specific antibiotics in bacterial organisms occur:

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Which of the following would change the allele frequencies of a population?

An allele becomes the most common allele in a population by becoming the dominant allele.

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Variations within a population are maintained by

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met,what is the net effect?

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area at the same time are known as a:

The bottleneck effect is thought to be responsible for the loss of variability and loss of fertility in the cheetah species.

A random alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant allele is

In the case of the peppered moths in England,when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees,he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

What type of selection is occurring in a population if the distribution graph shifts from the left end of the spectrum to the far right end?

Which of the following reflect(s)the likely presence of (a)gene mutation(s)?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters