Question 1

Both 18O and 16O are found in nature.However,16O is the most common.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A) these are different elements. 
B) oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons. 
C) 18O has two additional electrons in its outer shell. 
D) 18O is the form of oxygen that provides living cells with life. 
E) only the common form of 16O can bond with hydrogen atoms to form H2O. 
A) these are different elements. 
B) oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons. 
C) 18O has two additional electrons in its outer shell. 
D) 18O is the form of oxygen that provides living cells with life. 
E) only the common form of 16O can bond with hydrogen atoms to form H2O. B

Question 2

An orbital is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) the electron shell closest to the nucleus. 
B) the outermost electron shell of an atom. 
C) the volume of space in which electrons are most often found. 
D) the original energy level of electrons in photosynthesis. 
A) the electron shell closest to the nucleus. 
B) the outermost electron shell of an atom. 
C) the volume of space in which electrons are most often found. 
D) the original energy level of electrons in photosynthesis. C

Question 3

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _______ times ________ H+ than a solution of pH 10.

Accepted Answer

A) 30; more 
B) 300; less 
C) 103; more 
D) 10-3; less 
E) none of these are correct. 
A) 30; more 
B) 300; less 
C) 103; more 
D) 10-3; less 
E) none of these are correct. C

Question 4

Which type of covalent bond is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

A) single 
B) double 
C) triple 
D) quadruple 
E) all covalent bonds are equal in strength 
A) single 
B) double 
C) triple 
D) quadruple 
E) all covalent bonds are equal in strength

Question 5

Figure:  
-From the above table of radioisotopes and their properties,it is obvious that

Accepted Answer

A) the longer the half-life,the more energy emitted by the particles. 
B) the longer the half-life,the less energy emitted by the particles. 
C) radioisotopes of the same element must emit the same amount of energy in their emissions and decay at the same rate. 
D) adjusted for time,radioisotopes emit the same amount of energy in their emissions. 
E) energy and half-life are not directly related. 
A) the longer the half-life,the more energy emitted by the particles. 
B) the longer the half-life,the less energy emitted by the particles. 
C) radioisotopes of the same element must emit the same amount of energy in their emissions and decay at the same rate. 
D) adjusted for time,radioisotopes emit the same amount of energy in their emissions. 
E) energy and half-life are not directly related.

Question 6

Draw the structural formula of a single water molecule.Note the location of partial positive and negative charges.Label the covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structural formula of a single...

Question 7

All of the following are examples of damage caused by acid deposition from rain EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) leaching of aluminum from the soil into lakes which results in the formation of toxic methyl mercury from mercury in the lake sediments 
B) weakens trees in the forests and kills seedlings 
C) increased agricultural yields 
D) damage to marble and limestone monuments 
A) leaching of aluminum from the soil into lakes which results in the formation of toxic methyl mercury from mercury in the lake sediments 
B) weakens trees in the forests and kills seedlings 
C) increased agricultural yields 
D) damage to marble and limestone monuments

Question 8

This system of chemicals,   ,act as a buffer in the blood.If hydrogen ions are added to blood which of the following reactions would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } + \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ 
B)  $\mathrm { OH } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } \longrightarrow \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$ 
A)  $\mathrm { H } ^ { + } + \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 }$ 
B)  $\mathrm { OH } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } \longrightarrow \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O }$

Question 9

To determine the age of fairly recent fossils and organic artifacts,it is possible to analyze the amounts of the isotopes 14C and 14N,because over time the 14C-which originated in the atmosphere-breaks down into 14N.What net change occurred for this to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The 14C lost an electron. 
B) The 14C gained an electron. 
C) The 14C lost a proton. 
D) The 14C gained a proton. 
E) The 14C gained a neutron. 
A) The 14C lost an electron. 
B) The 14C gained an electron. 
C) The 14C lost a proton. 
D) The 14C gained a proton. 
E) The 14C gained a neutron.

Question 10

The mass number refers to the number of ______ & ______ within an element.

Accepted Answer

A) protons & neutrons 
B) protons & electrons 
C) electrons & neutrons 
D) protons & molecules 
E) electrons & atoms 
A) protons & neutrons 
B) protons & electrons 
C) electrons & neutrons 
D) protons & molecules 
E) electrons & atoms

Question 11

An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of

Accepted Answer

A) the protons it contains. 
B) the neutrons it contains. 
C) electrons in the outermost shell. 
D) protons and neutrons it contains. 
E) protons and electrons it contains. 
A) the protons it contains. 
B) the neutrons it contains. 
C) electrons in the outermost shell. 
D) protons and neutrons it contains. 
E) protons and electrons it contains.

Question 12

A coastal climate is moderated primarily by which of the following properties of water? Water

Accepted Answer

A) is the universal solvent. 
B) is cohesive and adhesive. 
C) has a high heat of evaporation. 
D) has a high surface tension. 
A) is the universal solvent. 
B) is cohesive and adhesive. 
C) has a high heat of evaporation. 
D) has a high surface tension.

Question 13

A solution with a pH of 6 has ________ times _________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10.

Accepted Answer

A) 40; more 
B) 4000; less 
C) 104; less 
D) 4; less 
E) 10-4 more 
A) 40; more 
B) 4000; less 
C) 104; less 
D) 4; less 
E) 10-4 more

Question 14

The blood buffer reactions described by H2CO3    
  H+ + HCO3- indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) scientists are uncertain which direction the equation flows. 
B) the reaction can flow either direction depending on whether there is an excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions. 
C) any reaction in one direction causes an immediate reverse reaction. 
D) chemicals can swing wildly from acid to basic. 
E) there is really no difference in chemistry whether a molecule is formed or dissociated. 
A) scientists are uncertain which direction the equation flows. 
B) the reaction can flow either direction depending on whether there is an excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions. 
C) any reaction in one direction causes an immediate reverse reaction. 
D) chemicals can swing wildly from acid to basic. 
E) there is really no difference in chemistry whether a molecule is formed or dissociated.

Question 15

Draw three water molecules and the hydrogen bonding that may occur between the molecules.Define hydrogen bonding and explain how and why it occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw three water molecules and the hydrogen...

Question 16

An abandoned Indiana coal mine spoil bank contains chunks of pyrite minerals.Under constant erosion and weathering,the pyrites leech large amounts of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).The spoil banks are also mixed with large quantities of basic limestone and clay carbonates.What should occur over time?

Accepted Answer

A) The pH level will drop until all acid has washed out. 
B) The pH level will remain at 7.0 because of constant washing with rain. 
C) The pH level will remain at 7.0 because all acid will be immediately neutralized by bases. 
D) The pH levels will be spotty and vary over time,first more acidic but drifting back toward 7.0. 
E) Bases always dominate over acids. 
A) The pH level will drop until all acid has washed out. 
B) The pH level will remain at 7.0 because of constant washing with rain. 
C) The pH level will remain at 7.0 because all acid will be immediately neutralized by bases. 
D) The pH levels will be spotty and vary over time,first more acidic but drifting back toward 7.0. 
E) Bases always dominate over acids.

Question 17

Figure: $$\begin{array} { | l c | l c | } 
\hline \text { Bond } & \text { Energy (kcal/mol) } & \text { Bond } & \text { Energy } ( \mathrm { kcal } / \mathrm { mol } ) \
\hline \mathrm { H } - \mathrm { H } & 104 & \mathrm { P } - \mathrm { O } & 100 \
\hline \mathrm { H } - \mathrm { O } & 110 & \mathrm {~N} - \mathrm { O } & 53 \
\hline \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { H } & 99 & \mathrm {~S} - \mathrm { H } & 81 \
\hline \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { O } & 84 & \mathrm { C } = \mathrm { C } & 146 \
\hline \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { C } & 83 & \mathrm { C } = \mathrm { N } & 147 \
\hline \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { N } & 70 & \mathrm { P } = \mathrm { O } & 120 \
\hline \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { S } & 62 & \mathrm { C } = \mathrm { O } & 170 \
\hline \mathrm { S } - \mathrm { S } & 51 & \mathrm { C } = \mathrm { C } & 195 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-From the above table,it is apparent that:

Accepted Answer

A) triple bonds are stronger than double bonds; double bonds are stronger than single bonds. 
B) triple bonds are weaker than double bonds; double bonds are weaker than single bonds. 
C) carbon bonds are stronger than other bonds; hydrogen bonds are always weakest. 
D) carbon forms only single bonds. 
A) triple bonds are stronger than double bonds; double bonds are stronger than single bonds. 
B) triple bonds are weaker than double bonds; double bonds are weaker than single bonds. 
C) carbon bonds are stronger than other bonds; hydrogen bonds are always weakest. 
D) carbon forms only single bonds.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) One atom acts as an electron donor and another atom acts as an electron acceptor. 
B) Electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation. 
C) An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element. 
D) An ionic bond occurs between positive ions and negative ions. 
E) A salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction. 
A) One atom acts as an electron donor and another atom acts as an electron acceptor. 
B) Electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation. 
C) An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element. 
D) An ionic bond occurs between positive ions and negative ions. 
E) A salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction.

Question 19

Which of the following is/are an atom,an isotope and an ion?

Accepted Answer

A) H+ 
B) 2H or deuterium 
C) 3H or tritium 
D) H2 or hydrogen gas 
E) All of the choices are atoms,isotopes and ions. 
A) H+ 
B) 2H or deuterium 
C) 3H or tritium 
D) H2 or hydrogen gas 
E) All of the choices are atoms,isotopes and ions.

Question 20

All living things are 70 - 90% water.Use this graph to explain what characteristics of water protect living organisms from rapid temperature changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All living things are 70 - 90%...

Exam 2: Basic Chemistry

Both 18O and 16O are found in nature.However,16O is the most common.Therefore,

An orbital is best described as

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _______ times ________ H+ than a solution of pH 10.

Which type of covalent bond is the strongest?

Figure: -From the above table of radioisotopes and their properties,it is obvious that

Draw the structural formula of a single water molecule.Note the location of partial positive and negative charges.Label the covalent bonds.

All of the following are examples of damage caused by acid deposition from rain EXCEPT

This system of chemicals, ,act as a buffer in the blood.If hydrogen ions are added to blood which of the following reactions would occur?

To determine the age of fairly recent fossils and organic artifacts,it is possible to analyze the amounts of the isotopes 14C and 14N,because over time the 14C-which originated in the atmosphere-breaks down into 14N.What net change occurred for this to happen?

The mass number refers to the number of ______ & ______ within an element.

An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of

A coastal climate is moderated primarily by which of the following properties of water? Water

A solution with a pH of 6 has ________ times _________ OH- than a solution with a pH of 10.

The blood buffer reactions described by H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- indicates that

Draw three water molecules and the hydrogen bonding that may occur between the molecules.Define hydrogen bonding and explain how and why it occurs.

An abandoned Indiana coal mine spoil bank contains chunks of pyrite minerals.Under constant erosion and weathering,the pyrites leech large amounts of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).The spoil banks are also mixed with large quantities of basic limestone and clay carbonates.What should occur over time?

Figure: Bond Energy (kcal/mol) Bond Energy (/) - 104 - 100 - 110 - 53 - 99 - 81 - 84 = 146 - 83 = 147 - 70 = 120 - 62 = 170 - 51 = 195 -From the above table,it is apparent that:

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?

Which of the following is/are an atom,an isotope and an ion?

All living things are 70 - 90% water.Use this graph to explain what characteristics of water protect living organisms from rapid temperature changes.

A View of Life

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Both ¹⁸O and ¹⁶O are found in nature.However,¹⁶O is the most common.Therefore,

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has _ times __ H⁺ than a solution of pH 10.

To determine the age of fairly recent fossils and organic artifacts,it is possible to analyze the amounts of the isotopes ¹⁴C and ¹⁴N,because over time the ¹⁴C-which originated in the atmosphere-breaks down into ¹⁴N.What net change occurred for this to happen?

The mass number refers to the number of & within an element.

A solution with a pH of 6 has times _ OH^- than a solution with a pH of 10.

The blood buffer reactions described by H₂CO₃ H⁺ + HCO₃- indicates that

An abandoned Indiana coal mine spoil bank contains chunks of pyrite minerals.Under constant erosion and weathering,the pyrites leech large amounts of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).The spoil banks are also mixed with large quantities of basic limestone and clay carbonates.What should occur over time?