Question 1

A _____ is the first cell that results when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.

Accepted Answer

A) spermatogonium 
B) gastrula 
C) zygote 
D) blastula 
A) spermatogonium 
B) gastrula 
C) zygote 
D) blastula C

Question 2

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap,a colorful flap of skin in the neck region.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
B) a prezygotic isolating mechanism. 
C) temporal isolation. 
D) hybrid inviability. 
A) a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
B) a prezygotic isolating mechanism. 
C) temporal isolation. 
D) hybrid inviability. A

Question 3

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)and roof rats (Rattus rattus)are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical isolation. 
B) hybrid sterility. 
C) zygote mortality. 
D) lack of F2 fitness. 
A) mechanical isolation. 
B) hybrid sterility. 
C) zygote mortality. 
D) lack of F2 fitness. C

Question 4

______ is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while ______ is when a species evolves in response to another species.

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent evolution,coevolution 
B) Coevolution,convergent evolution 
C) Sympatric speciation,coevolution 
D) Allopatric speciation,convergent evolution 
A) Convergent evolution,coevolution 
B) Coevolution,convergent evolution 
C) Sympatric speciation,coevolution 
D) Allopatric speciation,convergent evolution

Question 5

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species. 
B) hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species. 
C) there are no differences between the fitness of the parent species and hybrids. 
D) None of the above are true. 
A) hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species. 
B) hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species. 
C) there are no differences between the fitness of the parent species and hybrids. 
D) None of the above are true.

Question 6

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as __________,whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) convergent; divergent 
B) macroevolution; microevolution 
C) microevolution; macroevolution 
D) punctuated; gradualistic 
A) convergent; divergent 
B) macroevolution; microevolution 
C) microevolution; macroevolution 
D) punctuated; gradualistic

Question 7

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A) Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features,but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B) Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C) One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years)and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D) A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features,but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B) Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C) One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years)and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D) A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following examples is best explained by the process of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) The wings of birds and butterflies being used for flight. 
B) Both mice and rats having a tail. 
C) Wolves and coyotes both producing milk for their young. 
D) A human cell and a fruitfly cell both going through the process of transcription and translation in order to produce a gene. Correct 
A) The wings of birds and butterflies being used for flight. 
B) Both mice and rats having a tail. 
C) Wolves and coyotes both producing milk for their young. 
D) A human cell and a fruitfly cell both going through the process of transcription and translation in order to produce a gene. Correct

Question 9

Sympatric speciation in plants,as a result of ________,is well documented.

Accepted Answer

A) any type of geographic barrier 
B) a series of islands off of a mainland 
C) polyploidy 
D) mountain ranges 
A) any type of geographic barrier 
B) a series of islands off of a mainland 
C) polyploidy 
D) mountain ranges

Question 10

The evolutionary species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called _______,to distinguish one species from another.

Accepted Answer

A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits 
A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios is explained by adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) The average running speed of a cheetah increases each generation due to the gazelles getting faster. 
B) The toxicity level of the bark of a species of plant increases due to constantly being attacked by aphids. 
C) The color pattern of the moths living in the woods of England become darker as the levels of pollution increase during the Industrial Revolution. 
D) All of these are examples of adaptive radiation. 
A) The average running speed of a cheetah increases each generation due to the gazelles getting faster. 
B) The toxicity level of the bark of a species of plant increases due to constantly being attacked by aphids. 
C) The color pattern of the moths living in the woods of England become darker as the levels of pollution increase during the Industrial Revolution. 
D) All of these are examples of adaptive radiation.

Question 12

Some genes can bring about radical changes in body shape and organs.The Pax6 gene is one such gene and is involved in

Accepted Answer

A) determining the location of repeated structures in all vertebrates. 
B) the development of limbs. 
C) eye formation in all animals. 
D) breast cancer. 
A) determining the location of repeated structures in all vertebrates. 
B) the development of limbs. 
C) eye formation in all animals. 
D) breast cancer.

Question 13

A major advantage of the evolutionary species concept is that it

Accepted Answer

A) relies primarily on reproductive isolation to identify species. 
B) applies to both sexually and asexually reproducing species. 
C) uses morphological traits to distinguish species. 
D) is the same as the classic biological species concept. 
A) relies primarily on reproductive isolation to identify species. 
B) applies to both sexually and asexually reproducing species. 
C) uses morphological traits to distinguish species. 
D) is the same as the classic biological species concept.

Question 14

The evolutionary species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called _______,to distinguish one species from another.

Accepted Answer

A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits 
A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits

Question 15

An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range.The populations from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed,producing fertile offspring,but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.When glaciers move southward,the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated.While isolated,the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers retreat north and the insects again share the same pass,they no longer mate at the same time,nor can they produce fertile offspring.These insects

Accepted Answer

A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally two species but are now one species. 
D) were originally one species but are now two species. 
E) The number of species cannot be determined from the information given. 
A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally two species but are now one species. 
D) were originally one species but are now two species. 
E) The number of species cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 16

Members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern California.As they migrate southward,populations are separated by the Central Valley.With limited contact between populations on the east and west of the valley,genetic differences accumulate.What type of speciation occurs under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) both sympatric and allopatric speciation 
D) neither sympatric or allopatric 
A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) both sympatric and allopatric speciation 
D) neither sympatric or allopatric

Question 17

Once members of a species are geographically isolated,what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection 
B) genetic drift 
C) new mutations 
D) natural selection and genetic drift but not new mutations. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) natural selection 
B) genetic drift 
C) new mutations 
D) natural selection and genetic drift but not new mutations. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 18

All of the following statements concerning the evolutionary species concept are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) an abrupt change in the diagnostic traits of fossils is indicative of the evolution of a new species. 
B) fossils are considered to be members of the same species if they possess the same diagnostic traits. 
C) certain structural traits,called diagnostic traits,are used to distinguish one species from another. 
D) members of a species may actually have quite dissimilar evolutionary pathways. 
A) an abrupt change in the diagnostic traits of fossils is indicative of the evolution of a new species. 
B) fossils are considered to be members of the same species if they possess the same diagnostic traits. 
C) certain structural traits,called diagnostic traits,are used to distinguish one species from another. 
D) members of a species may actually have quite dissimilar evolutionary pathways.

Question 19

In speciation which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation-geographic isolation 
B) sympatric speciation-geographic isolation 
C) adaptive radiation-chance for new species to adapt to new habitats 
D) post-zygotic isolation-hybrid offspring sterility 
A) allopatric speciation-geographic isolation 
B) sympatric speciation-geographic isolation 
C) adaptive radiation-chance for new species to adapt to new habitats 
D) post-zygotic isolation-hybrid offspring sterility

Question 20

Reinforcement would eventually

Accepted Answer

A) reduce the formation of hybrids. 
B) favor and therefore increase the formation of hybrids. 
C) have no effect on hybrid formation. 
D) increase the fitness of hybrids. 
A) reduce the formation of hybrids. 
B) favor and therefore increase the formation of hybrids. 
C) have no effect on hybrid formation. 
D) increase the fitness of hybrids.

Exam 17: Speciation and Macroevolution

A _____ is the first cell that results when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap,a colorful flap of skin in the neck region.This is an example of

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)and roof rats (Rattus rattus)are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of

______ is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while ______ is when a species evolves in response to another species.

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as __________,whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as _____________.

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Which of the following examples is best explained by the process of convergent evolution?

Sympatric speciation in plants,as a result of ________,is well documented.

The evolutionary species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called _______,to distinguish one species from another.

Which of the following scenarios is explained by adaptive radiation?

Some genes can bring about radical changes in body shape and organs.The Pax6 gene is one such gene and is involved in

A major advantage of the evolutionary species concept is that it

The evolutionary species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called _______,to distinguish one species from another.

Once members of a species are geographically isolated,what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

All of the following statements concerning the evolutionary species concept are true EXCEPT

In speciation which of the following is mismatched?

Reinforcement would eventually

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is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while is when a species evolves in response to another species.

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as ,whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as ___.