Question 1

Which of the following time periods contains the others?

Accepted Answer

A) Cretaceous 
B) Triassic 
C) Jurassic 
D) Mesozoic 
A) Cretaceous 
B) Triassic 
C) Jurassic 
D) Mesozoic D

Question 2

Some viruses never use DNA to carry out protein synthesis and have only RNA as their genetic material.This would lend evidence to which theory?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA-first hypothesis 
B) protein-first hypothesis 
C) simultaneous evolution of RNA and proteins 
D) endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution 
A) RNA-first hypothesis 
B) protein-first hypothesis 
C) simultaneous evolution of RNA and proteins 
D) endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution A

Question 3

Biological evolution differs from chemical evolution in that it would have been possible only after the development of

Accepted Answer

A) true cells. 
B) nucleic acids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) a metabolic pathway. 
A) true cells. 
B) nucleic acids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) a metabolic pathway. A

Question 4

The first known multicellular organisms evolved approximately how many years ago?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.5 BYA 
B) 2.1 BYA 
C) 1.4 BYA 
D) 100 MYA 
A) 3.5 BYA 
B) 2.1 BYA 
C) 1.4 BYA 
D) 100 MYA

Question 5

With the appearance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria and aerobic bacteria during the Precambrian era,

Accepted Answer

A) an oxidizing atmosphere developed on Earth. 
B) the formation of the ozone shield occurred. 
C) the amount of UV light reaching the Earth was reduced and chemical evolution slowed. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) an oxidizing atmosphere developed on Earth. 
B) the formation of the ozone shield occurred. 
C) the amount of UV light reaching the Earth was reduced and chemical evolution slowed. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Mass extinctions

Accepted Answer

A) have occurred at least 5 times in the Earth's history. 
B) may have been due to climatic changes after meteorite collisions. 
C) may have been due to changing environments caused by continental drift. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) The Earth has never experienced a mass extinction. 
A) have occurred at least 5 times in the Earth's history. 
B) may have been due to climatic changes after meteorite collisions. 
C) may have been due to changing environments caused by continental drift. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) The Earth has never experienced a mass extinction.

Question 7

The Carboniferous Period is extremely significant to our current society because

Accepted Answer

A) the Carboniferous forests turned into the coal that fuels modern society. 
B) human evolution began in the period. 
C) plants and animals first adapted to a terrestrial environment during this period. 
D) mammals diversified. 
A) the Carboniferous forests turned into the coal that fuels modern society. 
B) human evolution began in the period. 
C) plants and animals first adapted to a terrestrial environment during this period. 
D) mammals diversified.

Question 8

Fossils used to define and identify geologic periods are ________ fossils.

Accepted Answer

A) body 
B) index 
C) trace 
D) stromatolite 
A) body 
B) index 
C) trace 
D) stromatolite

Question 9

The lack of oxygen in the ancient Earth's atmosphere was beneficial because oxygen combines with organic molecules to prevent them from forming polymers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The place where two plates meet and scrape past one another,creating stress that results in earthquakes is a

Accepted Answer

A) subduction zone. 
B) transform boundary. 
C) oceanic ridge. 
D) supercontinent. 
A) subduction zone. 
B) transform boundary. 
C) oceanic ridge. 
D) supercontinent.

Question 11

Which piece of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) The outer membrane of a mitochondrion and chloroplast resemble a eukaryotic cell while the inner membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
B) The inner membrane of a mitochondrion and chloroplast resemble a eukaryotic cell while the outer membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
C) Both mitochondria and chloroplast divide by Mitosis. 
D) Mitochondria and chloroplast are much larger than present day bacteria. 
A) The outer membrane of a mitochondrion and chloroplast resemble a eukaryotic cell while the inner membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
B) The inner membrane of a mitochondrion and chloroplast resemble a eukaryotic cell while the outer membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
C) Both mitochondria and chloroplast divide by Mitosis. 
D) Mitochondria and chloroplast are much larger than present day bacteria.

Question 12

Wegener first presented the idea of continental drift in 1920 and this theory was confirmed in 1960.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Fossils from the Paleozoic are plentiful because

Accepted Answer

A) mammals greatly diversified during this time. 
B) multicellular organisms first evolved during this time. 
C) this is the time period most studied. 
D) hard body parts evolved in plants and animals. 
A) mammals greatly diversified during this time. 
B) multicellular organisms first evolved during this time. 
C) this is the time period most studied. 
D) hard body parts evolved in plants and animals.

Question 14

Plate tectonics explain that the amount of Earth being formed is much greater than the amount of the Earth's crust being destroyed in subduction zones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which piece of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria and chloroplast are the same size as bacteria. 
B) Mitochondria and chloroplast divide by binary fission. 
C) Mitochondria and chloroplast both contain DNA and some can make their own proteins. 
D) The outer membrane of chloroplast and mitochondria resemble that of a eukaryotic cell while the inner membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) Mitochondria and chloroplast are the same size as bacteria. 
B) Mitochondria and chloroplast divide by binary fission. 
C) Mitochondria and chloroplast both contain DNA and some can make their own proteins. 
D) The outer membrane of chloroplast and mitochondria resemble that of a eukaryotic cell while the inner membrane resembles that of a bacterial cell. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 16

Which biological events took place during the Paleozoic Era and the Mesozoic Era?

Accepted Answer

A) During the Paleozoic Era three mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Mesozoic Era gymnosperms became the dominant plant life. 
B) During the Mesozoic Era three mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Paleozoic Era gymnosperms became the dominant plant life. 
C) During the Paleozoic Era five mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Mesozoic Era angiosperms became the dominant plant life. 
D) During the Mesozoic Era five mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Paleozoic Era angiosperms became the dominant plant life. 
A) During the Paleozoic Era three mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Mesozoic Era gymnosperms became the dominant plant life. 
B) During the Mesozoic Era three mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Paleozoic Era gymnosperms became the dominant plant life. 
C) During the Paleozoic Era five mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Mesozoic Era angiosperms became the dominant plant life. 
D) During the Mesozoic Era five mass extinctions occurred which led to the colonization of land by plants while during the Paleozoic Era angiosperms became the dominant plant life.

Question 17

Which of the following molecules are believed to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) water vapor (H2O) 
B) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C) hydrogen (H2) 
D) oxygen (O2) 
E) nitrogen (N2) 
A) water vapor (H2O) 
B) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C) hydrogen (H2) 
D) oxygen (O2) 
E) nitrogen (N2)

Question 18

The first eukaryotic cells probably arose about _____ billion years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.2 
B) 2.5 
C) 3.5 
D) 4.5 
A) 2.2 
B) 2.5 
C) 3.5 
D) 4.5

Question 19

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B) RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance,but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and then nucleic acids. 
C) sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it. 
D) no natural system could ever generate it. 
E) the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
A) the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B) RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance,but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and then nucleic acids. 
C) sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it. 
D) no natural system could ever generate it. 
E) the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis.

Question 20

The formation of the ozone shield during the Precambrian era created favorable conditions for the evolution of terrestrial life forms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Origin and History of Life

Which of the following time periods contains the others?

Some viruses never use DNA to carry out protein synthesis and have only RNA as their genetic material.This would lend evidence to which theory?

Biological evolution differs from chemical evolution in that it would have been possible only after the development of

The first known multicellular organisms evolved approximately how many years ago?

With the appearance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria and aerobic bacteria during the Precambrian era,

Mass extinctions

The Carboniferous Period is extremely significant to our current society because

Fossils used to define and identify geologic periods are ________ fossils.

The lack of oxygen in the ancient Earth's atmosphere was beneficial because oxygen combines with organic molecules to prevent them from forming polymers.

The place where two plates meet and scrape past one another,creating stress that results in earthquakes is a

Which piece of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?

Wegener first presented the idea of continental drift in 1920 and this theory was confirmed in 1960.

Fossils from the Paleozoic are plentiful because

Plate tectonics explain that the amount of Earth being formed is much greater than the amount of the Earth's crust being destroyed in subduction zones.

Which piece of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?

Which biological events took place during the Paleozoic Era and the Mesozoic Era?

Which of the following molecules are believed to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

The first eukaryotic cells probably arose about _____ billion years ago.

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

The formation of the ozone shield during the Precambrian era created favorable conditions for the evolution of terrestrial life forms.

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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